Global warming and eutrophication are driving an expansion of hypoxia in the World Ocean. This will favour organisms, such as Foraminifera (testate protists), that tolerate low-oxygen conditions and may lead to an overall decline in marine biodiversity. With this in mind, commun…
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Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are remarkable for their spectacular megaand macrofauna, many of which appear to have a high level of endemism to these chemosynthetic environments. It is not clear whether the patterns of biodiversity, faunal zonation and biogeography …
The marine biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has come under increased scrutiny because of its involvement in the global carbon cycle and consequently climate change. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP), which have historically been ignored becau…
The aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the natural iron fertilisation processes that can alleviate the High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll conditions normally associated with the Southern Ocean. The annual phytoplankton bloom occurring north of the Crozet Plateau (…
This study applies a metapopulation dynamics approach to modelling a distribution of plankton by representing a region of ocean as an ensemble of plankton populations interacting through the stirring and mixing eects of the ow. The methods of synchronisation theory are applied w…
The Argo dataset is used to obtain estimates of the heat storage and heat divergence with the aim of the assessing the usefulness of the Argo array for investigating the North Atlantic heat budget. The accuracy of the Argo-based mixed layer heat storage varies significantly thro…
In general ocean circulation models (OGCMs) diapycnal diffusion arises not only from the discretisation of the explicit diffusion, but also by numerically induced diffusion, caused, e.g., by common discretisations of advective transport. In the present study, three different dia…
The formation of sea ice in the presence of turbulence was studied using data from drifting buoy deployments and ice sampling in the Weddell Sea during April 2000. The study sought to improve understanding of pancake ice in terms of dynamics, heat fluxes, ice growth rates and me…
This thesis presents a series of numerical modelling studies into hydrodynamic transport and larval dispersal. The initial investigation seeks to evaluate retention timescales in Liverpool Bay. The flushing time and residence time are equal to 136 days and 103 days respectively,…
Studies have shown that faults exhibit complex geometries that are often highly simplified and cross sections may not be sufficient to highlight the spatial variation of fault surface topography and the complex relationship with the wall rock. The main contributions of this thes…
Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is a dimethylated sulphur compound that appears to be produced by most marine algae and is a major component of the marine sulphur cycle. The majority of research to date has focused on the production of DMSP and its major breakdown product, th…
The present-day seabed in the eastern English Channel is an erosional landscape dissected by a complicated network of palaeovalleys. The largest of these palaeovalleys has been interpreted as the product of catastrophic flooding though the Straits of Dover during the Mid Quatern…
Trace elements in marine biogenic carbonates may be used as proxies for past ocean chemistry provided that there is an established relationship between the trace element proxy and a parameter of interest, this relationship is preserved within biogenic carbonate, and the trace el…
The evolution of extensional processes at continental rift zones provides important constraints on the underlying lithospheric deformation mechanisms, level of seismic hazard and location of likely hydrocarbon traps. The Corinth rift in central Greece is one of the few examples …
This study assessed the interaction of coastal defence structures (CDSs), namely shore-parallel ‘low crested breakwater structures’ (LCSs), design features and hydrodynamic regime on the quantity and timings of macroalgae deposition. The employed sampling strategy comprised a sp…
Obtaining information regarding the resistivity structure of the subsurface from marine CSEM data involves complex processes. 1D and 2D forward and inverse modelling are currently the standard approaches used to produce geoelectrical models, with 3D inversion fast becoming a rea…