Groundwater flow typically provides stable stream habitat within glacierised floodplains. However, spatio-temporal differences within and between groundwater flow pathways can create marked variability in the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater-fed streams. Research c…
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This thesis consists of several studies relating to small-scale heterogeneity in sediments. The principal aim was to further our understanding of processes occurring at microniches. The individual studies consist of: 1) a critical review of previous studies of microniches that u…
The implementation of corporate environmental management system has become an essential part of running any business to attempt to achieve sustainable development. No previous studies in Saudi Arabia have been conducted to explore the use of environmental management systems. The…
Anabranching fluvial networks recently have become the focus of attention from environmental specialists, especially in the hydraulic field. Anabranching networks can be found in different physical environments; however, the hydraulic and geomorphological natures of such river n…
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been detected across the globe in a variety of media. The toxicity of these compounds and other precursors has led to concern about human exposure. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the presence o…
Haernatococcus pluvialis is a flagellated green alga that accumulates large quantities of the carotenoid astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is commercially important as a aquaculture pigment, and as a human health supplement. Currently the majority of astaxanthin used in aquaculture is sy…
Accurate, instantaneous and high resolution spatial air-quality information can better inform the public and regulatory agencies of the air pollution levels that could cause adverse health effects. The most direct way to obtain accurate air quality information is from measuremen…
This thesis is comprised of a collection of work on urban, brownfield and heavy metal contaminated soils carried out within the North West of England from March 2007 to December 2009. Field and laboratory based experiments were used to determine the amount of carbon stored in ur…
The use of satellite altimeter data for spatial mapping of the wave resource is examined. A new algorithm for estimating wave period from altimeter data is developed and validated, which enables estimates of wave energy converter (WEC) power to be derived. Maps of the long-term …
According to current climate change predictions for the UK, summers are expected to become dryer and hotter in the future. This has potentially serious implications for overheating of naturally ventilated office buildings, many of which already fail to perform under current heat…
Various sensors and instruments were developed to measure the chemical and physical properties of sea water, but many are expensive and too large to be used on mass deployed vehicles such as the Argo float and submersed gliders. Marine mammal and fish tags require further sensor…
Nanoscale silver particles represent a new generation of cost-effective antibacterial technologies. Due to the increased manufacturing and use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in consumer goods their release and accumulation into the environment is highly likely but their fate, …
Urban areas have well documented effects on climate, such as the urban heat island effect, reduction of wind speeds, enhanced turbulence and boundary layer heights, and changes in cloud cover and precipitation. This PhD examines the impact of the urban surface on the major agglo…
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the factors controlling the spread and distribution of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Scotland. Bracken has long been an agricultural problem and, more recently, fears have been raised about the plant's carcinogenic properties. Despite …
Herbivory is a globally important ecosystem function, occurring in all major biome types; including benthic freshwater habitats. Algal biofilms and their herbivore consumers are therefore important components of stream food webs. However there is relatively little empirical data…
Coastal populations are growing at a rapid pace and this is being accompanied by an increased investment in infrastructure at the coastal zone. Combined with this is the concern of enhanced coastal flooding due to rising sea levels and climate change. Hence, it is of utmost prac…
Successful conservation of British biodiversity largely depends on privately owned agricultural land that covers over 75% of Britain's surface area. Several centuries of traditional management for land uses like hunting and shooting have shaped the British countryside. However, …
Tributyltin (TBT) is a pollutant, mainly introduced to the environment as a marine anti-fouling agent. The aim of this work was to assess and develop sustainable and cost-effective remediation technologies for TBT-contaminated dredged materials. For this purpose, analytical meth…
The behaviour, ecology and conservation of the red uakari monkey Cacajao calvus ucayalii was studied on the Yavari River in northeastern Peru. The Lago Preto study site has four major habitats comprising terra firme, seasonally-flooded varzea, floodplain aguajal palm-swamp and u…