Germans

In 1848 revolutions across Europe challenged the social and political status quo. Although they did not succeed, they in part foreshadowed, in part initiated changes that transformed European society and political culture in the following decades. As the uprisings came to an end…

Catherine the Great, the Czarina of Russia, wished to populate her eastern lands along the Volga River. She invited the German survivors of Europe's Seven's Year's War to come to these lands and farm. She promised them aid, freedom from military conscription and tax deferments f…

In recent years, a significant body of scholarly works has noted that the multi-national Soviet regime paradoxically fostered ethnic identities among many groups that had previously lacked such identities. For example, the ethnic designations of the peoples of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz…