Grain

Building on the standard parity bounds model (PBM), a stochastic gradual switching model with three trade regimes is developed. The extended parity bounds model (EPBM) improves the standard PBM in two ways. First, it traces the time path of the effect of policy changes on spatia…

In light of the changes that are occurring in the grain handling and transportation industry, one area of major concern in the new deregulated environment is the branch line abandonment and the optimal length of branch lines. The length of branch lines and location of delivery p…

Small islands developing states (SIDS) sustainability is a United Nations’ aim. Their markets are often influenced by external policies imposed by larger economies. Could an anti-competitive measure affect the food vulnerability of a SIDS? This research examines the effects of a…