This research makes use of a Constructivist approach to norm development, in particular the concept of the norm life cycle, to assess the emergence and development of the responsibility to protect as a norm in international society in relation to the conduct of interventions on …
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Beyond being an international question of the status of the Ottoman Empire, it was The Eastern Question that determined the course of diplomacy towards the Ottoman Empire throughout the nineteenth century. Lord Palmerston’s policy of preserving Ottoman territorial integrity (wit…
This thesis investigates the conditions under which decisions for military intervention are constrained by public opinion. Prior studies have identified electoral cycles and legislative checks as potential constraints on foreign policy making, but the interaction of these constr…
This study explores the extent and depth of moral obligations in international relations, and how our collective understanding of these obligations has changed in the post-Cold War era. The genocides in Rwanda (1994) and Srebrenica (1995) raised questions about the moral legitim…
A dramatic shift in international practice emerged in the 1990s when the United Nations Security Council authorized military humanitarian intervention to stop gross human rights violations. During the Cold War, the Security Council did not halt mass killing and sanctioned states…
In an increasingly globalized world, threats originating from outside the North Atlantic/European area affect the security of the transatlantic alliance, forcing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to develop capabilities to combat a multiplicity of global threats. Thi…
Humanitarian intervention has long been a secondary or tertiary concern in a security driven international system. Since NATO's intervention during the Kosovo crisis in 1999 there have been significant developments in both the language and form of humanitarian intervention as a …
This thesis seeks to examine multilateral humanitarian intervention as a universal norm of international law, and analyze the decision making process, including the political and moral reasons, justifications, procedures, and criticisms for the interventions in Somalia, Kosovo a…
This dissertation examines the effect of the fall of Srebrenica on the normative status and customary legal status of humanitarian intervention. By analyzing the implications for the international protection of human rights and international humanitarian law in general, it asses…
What explains variation in American policy in humanitarian crises? Why do some complex emergencies receive the U.S. military, some receive only logistical help and others receives no aid at all? To answers these questions this study has employed a structured, focused comparison …
As humanitarianism has become an increasingly popular banner under which to take action, its successes and promises have been expanded upon exponentially while its ideological conundrums, failures, and aporias have remained largely unexamined. That is where this dissertation beg…
The dissertation is the first systematic analysis of the role of political parties in security affairs. I demonstrate that the ideology that drives parties in the domestic political arena also leads them to define the national interest in different ways critical for understandin…
What factors appear influential to U.S. decisions of armed humanitarian intervention and nonintervention? Utilizing the “story model” mode of problem representation first utilized by psychologists Pennington and Hastie (1986; 1988) and adapted to the domain of foreign policy by …