In mammals endogenous, self sustained oscillators, known as circadian clocks, have evolved as a result of day night cycles, with a period close to 24 hours, and are involved in many physiological processes; such as sleep wake cycles, metabolic and hormonal activity. The suprachi…
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Females are relatively protected from inflammatory diseases, particularly conditions that are characterised by excessive tissue infiltration of neutrophils (PMNs), such as ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, understanding sex-differences is very important particularly…
Chronic pain is one of the most significant medical and scientific challenges in western society today. As well as the emotional and physical effects on the individual it proves to be a significant financial burden to society. Studies have shown that chronic pain leads to centra…
Objectives: Overweight and obesity is linked to several metabolic disturbances including type 2 diabetes. Functional foods such as wheat germ (WG) have been shown to improve metabolic markers in animals and humans alike. Our study investigated the effects of wheat germ supplemen…
Obesity is the most well-established risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully described. A growing body of evidence suggests that obesity directly induces chronic subclinical inflammation, which i…
Background: Maternal mental health disorders which include anxiety and /or depression are an important part of a healthy pregnancy, these disorders are one of the most common mental health disorders seen in women of reproductive age. They can occur prenatally as well as in the p…
Cognitive functioning is disrupted during a depressive episode and cognitive dysfunction persists when depression is in remission. A subtype of depressed individuals who exhibit elevated inflammatory biomarkers may be at particular risk for cognitive dysfunction. We examined whe…
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. It contributes to thermoregulation, sleep, feeding behaviour and notably to the exacerbation of non-communicable disorders such as cancer, heart disease, stroke a…
Galectins-1, -3 and -9, are endowed with many immune-regulatory properties, with galectins-1 and -9 largely regarded as anti-inflammatory and galectin-3 as pro-inflammatory. Expression levels increase in activated adaptive immune cells, with peak expression often correlating wit…
Inflammation is fundamentally a beneficial response leading to removal of the offending factor, and resolution, an active regulated process that is essential to maintain tissue integrity and function. Previous work in our department showed a role for COX-2 derived PGD2 and its c…
Background: CVD is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor of this disease. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. Hypertension is known to be brought on …
Purpose: To identify inflammatory markers in glaucoma patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries prospectively. Concurrently, assess the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) undergoing ophthalmic surgery retrospectively.
A number of challenges or perturbations in metabolic pathways lead to significant increases in plasma and tissue long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC). The LCAC and other acylcarnitines rise, for instance, in the blood and muscle during exercise bouts, as tissue acyl-CoA pools change…
Endothelial cell (EC) activation is a change of the endothelium from a quiescent state to one that is involved in immune reactions. Activation of ECs is associated with the inception of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves adaptive and…
There is a clear need for testing targeted drug carrier systems in a more realistic microenvironment where both biochemical interactions and shear forces are present. This is critical both for understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process and during the drug…
Peanuts contain several cardiovascular beneficial nutrients and have been reported to reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension, hypercholesteremia, and atherosclerosis are leading causes of CVD. The first stage of atherosclerotic disease is accumulation of chol…
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to identify the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) supplementation on poultry immune cells function, cytokine production, and production parameters following an inflammatory or coccidial challenge. Supplementing chicken mac…
Oxidative stress and chronic subclinical inflammation are implicated in the pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consumption of vitamins and nutrients may dampen the harmful oxidative stress, which normally perpetuates inflammation. Reduction of inflammation may delay or reduce t…
Background: In the country of Bangladesh, arsenic (As) exposure and high plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia; HHcys) are widely prevalent. An estimated 35-77 million people in Bangladesh are exposed to As above the World Health Organization standard of 10 μg/L, while a cro…