The American occupation of Iraq revealed intense intra-society violence in Iraq that was not possible to take note of during decades of the state's systematic practice of violence against society and the organized counter-violence in response to it. The occupation, along with th…
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This dissertation explores the relationship between land tenure and livelihoods in pre- Saharan Morocco as an ethical struggle over subsistence rights and the definition of community. Research in an oasis valley of southern Morocco indicated how changing land use practices frame…
This dissertation is about the making of the modern Ottoman state in its eastern periphery through an analysis of the Tanzimat policies in land and taxation between the 1840s and early 1870s. With this new reform program, the Ottoman state established new institutions, such as p…
Over the past two decades, protracted conflicts have become a prominent feature in many African countries. In Sudan, it is almost nine years since the crisis in Darfur manifested itself to the international community in the form of massive displacement and killings following the…
This dissertation asks how agrarian institutions in Egypt changed through the political transition from the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BCE) to Roman rule. Agrarian institutions are central because they constitute the basic structure that determines economic behavior in an agraria…
Most of the literature on land tenure in developing countries asserts that agricultural performance is negatively affected by indigenous land tenure systems and farm fragmentation. This study is the first empirical test of these assertions for a North African country and is base…
Biological degradation of lands resulting in wood, food and fodder shortages is a major problem in Azad Kashmir. Limited tree resources are rapidly dwindling, thus widening the gap between the demand and supply of essential products. Population increase has put enormous pressure…
Temples are at the heart of most attempts to understand Roman policy in Egypt after Octavian annexed the province in 30 BC. This dissertation examines the evidence for the temples as economic agents in the early Roman period. Through a close reading of a crucial text (P.Tebt. 2.…
Institutions play a pivotal role in the process of economic development. This collection of studies addresses the importance of institutions in the process of wealth creation for low-income households in Brazil, as well as commodity market developments in Ethiopia. In Brazil, la…
Senegalese citizens face a dilemma common to many third-world populations: how to develop their country's political economy without undermining alternative strengths of their diverse internal groups. Senegal's leaders, in line with current development theories and advice, embodi…
Land and tree tenure issues and problems are recognized as very important in natural resource management and development in general, and as being especially crucial in the case of the forest resources. Based on a specific case of conflict between the government forest department…
This dissertation consists of two essays that address two distinct topics concerning the land tenure institutions of Bulgaria. The first essay studies the evolution of land tenure institutions, focusing on the period 1839-1944 during which the country experienced two distinct la…