Kazakhstan's livestock sector experienced dramatic changes during the first decade of transition from a centrally-planned to a market economy. The livestock population declined by 60–70 percent and production largely shifted from large-scale farm enterprises to subsistence rural…
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In comparison to the adult birds, young chickens and turkeys have a reduced ability to use dietary fat. It was of interest to investigate the role of lipase in fat malabsorption in young birds. It was hypothesized that fat malabsorption in young chickens and turkeys is due to an…
The feeding of plant proteins to fish results in generation of a high amount of phytate because fish cannot effectively digest it. The hydrolysis of phytate by microbes in the environment release P which can stimulate eutrophication. This study was conducted to express phytase g…
Previous reports indicate that when soybean protein in the diets of piglets and turkey poults were replaced with purified animal proteins, bone calcification improved. In piglets the dietary requirement for ergocalciferol (vitamin D\sb2) was also lowered. However, there were no …
Analysis was performed on data from cows born between 1984-1994 in five government dairy herds in Malaysia. Study objectives were to; (i) describe herd performance for reproductive and production indices, (ii) investigate associations between birthweight, age standardized weight…
When ruminants are consuming dormant forage or diets that are high in cereal grains but low in forage, the ruminal microbes may experience growth conditions with excess carbohydrate and limiting nitrogen. To overcome these inadequacies, cattle are provided protein supplements fo…
Sixteen Arabian yearlings were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, stalled and pastured, to investigate the effects of stalling versus pasture-rearing on bone growth over a 140-day period. Following an 84-d pre-training period, six horses from each group were randomly …
A fodder bank is a field of legume-based forage conserved until the late dry season when livestock experience severe nutritional stress. The purpose of the present study was to conduct an on-farm evaluation of fodder banks of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano (stylo) managed by agr…
Soon after the discovery that TRR was a selenoprotein Hill et al. showed that TRR activity decreased more than 90% in 14 wk old Se-deficient rats (Hill et al. 1997). To date, however, there are no reports of Se regulation for TRR message in vivo. Therefore, our objective was to …
The goal of feed formulation should be to maximize profit rather than minimize feeding cost. Traditionally, nutritionists formulate least-cost diets with fixed nutrient levels and assume that performance will be maximized. A series of biological and economic studies were carried…
In western Niger soil fertility depletion threatens food production. Cattle management and manure are used to maintain soil fertility. However, cattle population and insufficient feed limit the use of manure for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this research was to asses…
Water Buffalo (Bos bovinae), indigenous cattle (Bos taurus), native chickens (Gallus gallus), ducks (Carina muscata), goats (Capra hircus), geese (Anser anser), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), horse (Equus caballus), zebu cross cattle (Bos Indicus), swine (Sus scrofa), sheep (Ov…
Understanding of the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle development is essential for increasing efficiency of lean muscle production in livestock species. This project examined the endogenous expression and regulation of two gene families, IGFs and the basic helix-loop-helix…
Studies with sentinel poults placed in commercial turkey flocks revealed that enteritis is common. The signs of infection include a marked reduction in feed intake and diarrhea. Inanition impairs the immune response. Enteritis within the first weeks after hatching may result in …
Data collected during 26 yr of the Gobra cattle selection program to improve beef production in Senegal has been analyzed to determine genetic parameters and evaluate the selection program. Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for birth, 6-mo, 12-mo and 18…
To gain insight into lipid utilization of turkey embryos, experiments were conducted to study: (1) lipid and fatty acid distribution and disappearance from yolk sac; (2) ontogeny of acylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in turk…
This dissertation is a case study of the potential economic benefits that could accrue to a traditional pastoral society if attempts were made to diversify assets to include nonpastoral investment such as simple savings accounts in banks or community credit unions. Broad socioec…
A field survey and a metabolism experiment were conducted to study livestock watering practices in the Moroccan Pre-Sahara and their changes with drought extent, season, ecological zone, pastoral system and herd size. The metabolism experiment was designed to determine effects o…
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of heat processing on amino acids. Heat processing of ingredients for livestock and poultry feeds has become standard practice over the last 50 years. Pelleting and extrusion are technologies used to improve nutrient util…