This thesis investigates the use of growth stratigraphy in deepwater environments to determine fault kinematics and reservoir distribution in the Niger Delta and assess earthquake hazards associated with blind-thrust faults in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Chapter 1 ana…
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The goal of this study was to compare aspects of Hickory Shad (Alosa mediocris) (Mitchell 1814) and American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) (Wilson 1811) life history while also providing supplemental information on their age and spawning composition, recreational catch and effort, an…
Continental margin depositional systems are of great importance to science and society in that their deposits are an important record of earth history and host valuable natural resources. Submarine fans form the largest sedimentary accumulations within continental margins and ar…
Anthropogenic nutrient loading has long been identified as potentially harmful to coastal waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, with excess nutrients being delivered by stream runoff as well as by inputs to groundwaters that exit the coast as submarine groundwater discharge (…
One of the central questions of ecology aims to understand the mechanisms that maintain patterns of species coexistence. Community assembly, the process of structuring communities, occurs in ecological time, is influenced by biotic interactions at local scales, and is thought to…
The following dissertation contains three studies that use sediment cores to reconstruct past changes in the climate and environment of a tropical lagoon system. These studies provide insight into past droughts and coastal change during geologically recent climate variability an…
In this dissertation, I utilize multiple seismic techniques to investigate the seismicity and seismic structures of the Southern Mariana Subduction Zone through multiple ocean bottom seismic experiments. Data for these studies consist of records from 12 China-made ocean bottom s…
In response to coastal erosion driven by storms, sea-level rise, and local gradients in sediment supply, communities defend their homes and maintain beach recreation by widening beaches via soft engineering (i.e., beach nourishment) or hard engineering (i.e., groins). Past resea…
Marine electromagnetic (EM) geophysics is an up-and-coming branch of the geosciences that is allowing for the advancement in our understanding of key properties of the oceanic lithosphere and subduction dynamics, particularly in how deformation manifests geophysically and how it…
Ubiquitous presence of plastic debris in global oceans, lakes and streams/rivers is a result of large-scale use of plastics in this period of human history, known as plastic age. These micro-plastic particles could serve as scavenging agents in the removal of dissolved particle …
We present radiocarbon results from a geographically constrained depth transect of sediment cores from water depths spanning 400-3500 meters in the southeastern Atlantic. The distribution of radiocarbon is a tracer of the ventilation history of mid-depth water and can delineate …
This dissertation, as indicated by its title, is eclectic, but is united around the theme of developing and applying new geochemical approaches to answer large-scale questions in earth science. And it represents an interdisciplinary contribution, drawing on paleobiology, paleocl…
In order to address how aquaculture has influenced the Setiu estuary and lagoon of northeast peninsular Malaysia, foraminifera, sediment grain-size, and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios and abundances were analyzed in surface samples collected from beneath and around three flo…
This dissertation aims to reconstruct the volcanic, geologic, and oceanographic evolution in the Andaman Sea and northern Bay of Bengal regions during the last ~9.4 Myrs. The volcanic evolution of the north Sunda Subduction Zone is investigated through geochemical (i.e., major, …
The mechanisms of submarine explosive eruptions have previously been investigated by examination of uplifted deposits on land or subaerial observations of shallow water eruptions which present significant uncertainties in the paleodepth and nature of the source activity. The 165…
Our ability to understand and interpret archaeological data collected from the excavation of an archaeological site is limited by our capacity to investigate it. This is often limited by our understanding of the surrounding environment and the modern landscape. This dissertation…
The origin of dolomite has been enigmatic. It is a common constituent of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs, it is abundant in Phanerozoic sedimentary carbonate rocks, but dolomite is rare in Quaternary and Recent rocks. Many different models have been suggested to explain its ori…
Oceanic strike-slip earthquakes occur on transform faults and fracture zones that cut across thousands of kilometers of seafloor. The largest of these events often rupture a considerable portion of their associated fault and can provide a comprehensive look at seismic slip acros…
The limited timespan (several decades) of dissolved oxygen (DO) instrumental records precludes a complete picture of how DO in seawater have changed in the past, and thus high-resolution paleo-DO reconstructions are essential for revealing DO variability on centennial to millenn…