Imperial Roman trading activity within the Indian Ocean has received increasing attention from scholars during the last few decades, much of it considering the role played by the Roman state. These studies have convincingly shown that state involvement was motivated, primarily, …
Individuals in leadership roles in the military are in unique and complex positions to make the most ethical decisions to protect the mission and fellow soldiers on deployments. These difficult decisions may negatively impact the career of a soldier but are essential to fulfil t…
Currently the Department of Defense (DoD) does not use exposure biomarkers to measure environmental exposures to chemicals. Blood and urine exposure biomarkers for volatile organic compounds (VOC), selected heavy metals, depleted uranium (DU), and chemical warfare agents are cur…
During the 2000s, the Indian military notably deployed overseas including distant locations such as Nevada in the United States, the United Kingdom, Congo, off the Somali coast, the Far East, and the South Pacific to participate in joint exercises, carry out peacekeeping operati…
The war on terror after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, continues to include ongoing efforts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other countries in which the military serve and protect. Active-duty members of the Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard continue to serve i…
In the United States Armed Forces, 30% of women in the military suffer physical assault each year; in 2009, there were 22 reported cases of sexual assault in the U.S. Central Command. Aggravated assault, gang violence, sexual assault, homicide, and suicide can damage the morale …
Over 1,000,000 service members were deployed away from their families in the first 5 years since the start of the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan and Iraq, and over 350,000 service members experienced two or more deployments. Although deployments disrupt the contribution o…
Service members today are required to be separated from their families more often than soldiers serving in the past. Most of the deployments today are assignments into a hostile/war zone, primarily Iraq and Afghanistan. Thus, combat readiness is of utmost importance. However, co…