Some recent studies show that the physical characteristics of the ocean may vary with its depth. Duston, Verma and Wood have used the perturbation method to study acoustic wave problem for such a case assuming the sea bed to be rigid. We consider a more interesting case of a ref…
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An ocean model is used in conjunction with tracer and hydrographic data to study the wind-driven circulation of the upper Pacific Ocean. The introductory chapter provides a descriptive overview of the physical and tracer oceanography for the upper Pacific Ocean. The second chapt…
Recent discoveries of extensive gas hydrates in ocean sediments around the world center attention of researchers on vast amounts of natural gases and greenhouse gases in those hydrates. The extent of the discoveries were unexpected and inexplicable. In response to the discoverie…
A mooring time series of physical and bio-optical variables and complimentary data were collected during the Arabian Sea Process Study in 1994-1995. The mooring data-set was collected continuously for one year. This allowed observation of two mixed layer (ML) deepening events, d…
Atmospheric iron (Fe) is thought to play an important role in cloudwater chemistry (e.g., S(IV) oxidation, oxidant production, etc.), and is also an important source of Fe to certain regions of the world's oceans where Fe is believed to be a rate-limiting nutrient for primary pr…
Microscale breaking wave are short gravity waves that break without air entrainment. Microscale breaking waves occur at low to moderate wind speeds (i.e. 4–12 m s−1) and are typically O(0.1–1)m in length. This work reports on a series of laboratory experiments investigating the …
The primary goal of the work proposed here is to quantify water mass, heat and salt budget in the northern Indian Ocean, characterize their seasonal to interannual variability in response to monsoon forcing and understand the processes that control the exchange and storage of wa…
Kinneret is a 166-km2 lake located in Northern Israel, in the central part of the Jordan Valley, a corridor running from north to south, between the Galilee hills in the west and the Golan Heights in the east. Both the Galilee hills and the Golan Heights reach an elevation of ab…
This dissertation research focuses on understanding climate variability in the Indian Ocean using bomb produced radiocarbon in coral samples in order to understand water mass mixing processes in the equatorial Indian Ocean. I present accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurem…
A series of numerical model experiments were run to investigate the annual cycle of mass transport between the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). The 1{1\over 2}-layer, reduced-gravity model used in this study, forced by climatological wind stress, p…
Atmospheric transport, in the troposphere, is responsible for large fluxes of mineral material from the continents to the ocean. The importance of aeolian dust transport from the continents to the oceans has been debated over recent years. Part of the debate concerns whether the…
During visits to coral reef locations, divers support the economy by spending money on goods and services provided by local businesses. However, divers also impact the reef during their visits, causing stress. This study presents estimates of rates of damage to corals and assess…
This research was designed to measure total water-soluble organic N, as well as the contribution of urea and dissolved free amino acids, in rain, aerosols, and ice cores collected from a variety of global locations. In addition to site-specific studies, a UV photo-oxidation meth…
Using WOCE WHP CTD and ADCP sections in Indian Ocean from 1995 and ARLINDO 1994 CTD data within the Timor Sea, the throughflow component of the SEC transport is investigated. Throughflow water is well represented by its nearly homogenous low salinity feature within the SEC therm…
Coral reefs are bioherms whose structure comprises a dynamic mixture of geologically inherited and environmentally forced morphologies. The major debate of coral reef history is over the relative importance of antecedent, erosional and recent, constructional processes in control…
Large-scale mountain modifies the atmospheric circulation directly through dynamic and thermodynamic process, and also indirectly through the interaction with the ocean. To investigate orographic impacts on tropical climate, a fully coupled general circulation model (CGCM) is de…
This study describes the ocean circulation of the Indonesian Seas based on results using a 3D regional model. The model has four open ports to simulate inflow of North Pacific Water from the Mindanao Current, inflow of South Pacific Water from the New Guinea Coastal Current, out…
The tectonic opening and closing of ocean gateways played a key role in global climate change during the Cenozoic. Although changes in these gateways affected ocean circulation and heat transport, many of their paleoceanographic effects are still unknown. This dissertation exami…
Climate variability has large impacts on humans and their agricultural systems. Farmers are at the center of this agricultural network, but it is often agricultural planners—regional planners, extension agents, commodity groups and cooperatives—that translate climate information…