Spanning the Universe's history from its first moments to the present, this dissertation covers most of the Universe's history and the bulk of its constituents. With the most basic properties of neutrinos still not well understood, the neutrino sector may harbor yet undiscovered…
The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model is a quantum mechanical model of N Majorana fermions with all-to-all interactions. The SYK model has historical roots in both nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, and has recently drawn much attention due to its newly discovered role as…
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a top quark factory, which is the heaviest elementary particle discovered so far. Due to its small life-time top quark decays before hadronization, and hence most of its properties are not washed out. Top quark events are often a large background i…
This work will discuss two experiments which seek to elucidate the asymmetry dependence of correlations in exotic nuclei. In the first experiment, a digital-signal-processing technique was developed to measure the neutron total cross section of the rare (but stable) isotope 48Ca…
This thesis has two parts with different topics in particle physics. In part I, we consider various linear sigma models and their applications to scalar mesons. It is shown that the tree amplitude for ππ scattering in the minimal linear sigma model has an exact expression which …
We derive fully covariant expressions for all two-point scattering amplitudes of two massless closed strings from a Dirichlet p-brane. This construction relies on the observation that there is a simple relation between these D-brane amplitudes in type II superstring theory and f…
The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) was launched from Antarctica December of 2001 and flew for 31.8 days aboard a long duration scientific balloon. The objective of the TIGER experiment was to make a measurement of the elemental abundances of the Galactic Cosmic Ray…
This work is concerned with studying the validity of the factorization assumption in two-body hadronic B-decays and investigating the importance of the nonfactorization contribution. The study was done first on the two processes [special characters omitted] and[special character…
The hypernuclear system [special characters omitted] was studied for Λ binding energies in s- and p-shells of the hypernucleus, and charge-symmetry breaking (CSB) effects in the hyperon-nucleon interactions. The hyper-Boron was produced via charge- and strangeness-exchange react…
A non-relativistic quark model has been used in the calculation of the K*-pole contributions to s-wave amplitudes for non-leptonic decays of hyperons, which involve \bar K*⁰-π\sp0 and K*⁻-π- weak transitions. Such corrections were thought to be one way of removing the long stand…
In the present study the cross sections of the following reactions have been calculated in the framework of the impulse approximation: \eqalign{e⁺+H(1s)&\longrightarrow (e⁺e⁻)(1s)+H⁺,\cre⁺+He⁺¹(1s)&\longrightarrow (e⁺e⁻)(1s)+He⁺²,\crμ⁺+X(1s)&\longrightarrow (μ⁺e⁻)(1s)+X⁺¹,\cr}wh…
The use of scintillating fibers in high-energy astrophysics shows great promise for future gamma-ray and cosmic-ray instruments. The current performance of scintillating fibers is examined in this work along with several read-out devices and associated electronics including imag…
This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, the two-body radiative decays of the b-flavored baryons are analyzed in the framework of the nonrelativistic quark model and perturbation theory. With the obtained decay widths, we give an estimate for the mean lifetimes o…
This thesis discusses searches for electroweakly produced supersymmetric partners of the gauge and the Higgs bosons (gauginos and higgsinos) decaying to multiple leptons, using pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV. The thesis presents an in-depth study of multiple searches, as well…
This thesis proposes a new perspective on scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories. Their standard formulation in terms of sums over Feynman diagrams is replaced by a computation of geometric invariants, called intersection numbers, on moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces. I…
This thesis develops the dispersive optical model into a tool that allows for the assessment of the validity of nuclear reaction models, thereby generating unambiguous removal probabilities of nucleons from valence orbits using the electron-induced proton knockout reaction. Thes…