Forest health is jeopardized worldwide, as human-caused climate change continues to generate high rates of global tree mortality driven by more severe and frequent droughts. As temperatures rise and unpredictable precipitation patterns prevail, tree species located within arid a…
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Alliaria petiolata is an invasive biennial herb in North America where it has detrimental impacts on flora and fauna. Allelopathy, the chemical inhibition of plant competitors, is one explanation for why A. petiolata is more successful in North America than in Eurasia, where it …
Macrophages perform a wide variety of crucial, and sometimes contradictory, functions. While “pro-inflammatory” activities like fighting off infections and “anti-inflammatory” activities like wound-healing traditionally have been attributed to M1 and M2 macrophage subsets, studi…
Chapter 1 is a literature review of the taxonomic history of Clematis subg. Viorna. Chapter 2 is a morphometric study and taxonomic treatment of the Clematis reticulata species complex. Clematis subgenus Viorna of North America currently consists of 21 species, most of which are…
The evolution of eusocial behavior has allowed some species to achieve ecological dominance across terrestrial ecosystems. While knowledge of the mechanistic basis of insect sociality is growing, basic natural history information is still severely lacking for some social lineage…
Human activity is causing climates to change more rapidly than at any time in the last 10,000 years. If populations of organisms are unable to effectively respond to changing environments, they will be at risk of extinction. In plants, two of the most important mechanisms of res…
Plant breeding has been enormously successful at increasing crop yields over the course of the 20th century, but further progress that would meet increasing demands for food, fuel, and fiber is threatened by global climate change. Because yield is an environmentally-dependent ph…
"All modern biologists need to know and understand phenotypic plasticity, not only because of its integrating centrality, but because it will illuminate their specific research. Phenotypic plasticity also has practical value in agriculture, medicine, and conservation. Although p…