Human obesity has become a global phenomenon. The main goal of this study was to investigate the differences in food consumption and physical activity among high school age youth in two diverse geographical locations (urban and rural areas) and the relationship of some of the fa…
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Problem. The problem addressed by this dissertation research was to explore physical activity differences between African American and White college students. This study was a two-month prospective examination of physical activity among African American and White college student…
Purpose. This study's research objectives were to (a) describe the general health status of Arabs, (b) describe their cardiovascular risk factors, (c) estimate perceived physical activity self-efficacy and levels of physical activity and exercise, (d) estimate determinants of ph…
Cross-sectional evidence associates breakfast omission with negative health outcomes. The present work aimed to examine if these cross-sectional associations have a causal component, by conducting randomised control trials in healthy humans. It was established using lean individ…
If there is one thing that policy makers at the World Health Organisation (WHO) and residents of the South African township of Langa are likely to agree on, it is that ‘just sitting’ is not good for you. The positions from which they approach this conclusion however differ profo…
The increasing evidence of associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration and diet and both immediate and long term health implications is of public health concern. There is a need to further our understanding of the patterns of these behaviours and …
Background: The prevalence of disability increases with age; therefore with an aging population, interventions to reduce disability are crucial. This thesis adopts a behavioural conceptualisation of disability. The theoretical frameworks of the International Classification of Fu…
Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Despite public health guidelines advising children and adolescents to spend a minimum of 60 minutes per day of at least moderate intensity physical activity, a large propo…
Aims: The aims of this study are three-fold: to review the worldwide literature on monitoring the health, physical activity and fitness of young people; to determine the purpose and prevalence of the monitoring of young people's health, physical activity and fitness within secon…
Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) describes children with a difficulty to acquire age-specific motor skills. Although there is a significant body of literature addressing developmental and cognitive issues in children with DCD, few studies have actually exami…
Dementia incidence is rising as our population is ageing. There is growing evidence for the protective effect of physical activity against cognitive decline. However, there are inconsistent results across studies despite the large number of high quality trials. The role of psych…
The thesis investigated the effect of exercise on endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) and triacylglycerol concentrations following the ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch in adolescent boys. The validity of measuring lipid and lipoprotein conc…
Background: It is established that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have an increased risk of poorer health than the general population. This population are more likely to experience obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and premature death. The risks of obe…
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy disorder in reproductive age women. The symptoms of this disorder are the androgen excess seen with anovulation/oligoovulation or morphologically ovarian cysts. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of …
Introduction: Obesity has become a major world-wide health issue. Social-economic status, physical activity levels and dietary intake may influence the weight status in children. However, these issues have not been examined together in studies of young girls in Saudi Arabia. Aim…
Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of participation in physical activity (Sallis, Prochaska, & Taylor, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 2000), less than half of young Saudi adolescents are involved in non-school organised s…
There is significant research evidence to demonstrate that physical activity can produce weight loss, weight maintenance and positive health effects in the overweight and obese. However, it can be difficult to get this population sufficiently active to achieve these benefits. Th…
Background: Inflammation is the natural reaction of the body to an antigen. In some conditions, this reaction continues even after the elimination of the antigen, entering a chronic stage; it targets normal cells of the body and causes extensive damage. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)…