PISA

The historiography of the Fourth Crusade has neglected long-term macroeconomic developments and its influence on the Fourth Crusade within the Byzantine Empire and the Italian states of Venice, Pisa, and Genoa. It is well-established that the Venetians rerouted the crusading for…

My dissertation examines how in the fourteenth century, the rival republics of Pisa, Venice, and Genoa each commissioned major civic monuments that featured Old Testament and cartographic references as well as local saints, traditions, and themes. I argue that their complex prog…