Until recently, intergroup relations research has undervalued the role of emotion. This dissertation examines how people‘s emotional reactions to challenges to their cherished values—symbolic threats—shape social attitudes. I argue that people respond with distinct emotions depe…
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Since 9-11 there has been increased attention toward the Muslim community in the United States. Researchers report that hate crimes and discrimination against Muslims increased in the United States following 9-11. These incidents have been explained through the construct called …
Heterosexism and other biased behavior are common in U.S. schools, but little attention has focused on the importance of teachers, staff, school clubs, and policies in combating bias. Three studies are presented that address gaps in the literature. Study 1 examined associations …
Past research has demonstrated the negative effects of media stereotypes on implicit and explicit attitudes across various forms of media. Because video games are a relatively new form of media, there is almost no research on the influence of video game stereotypes on people's a…
Though there is some evidence that many values have implications for intergroup relations (Rokeach, 1973), research has tended to focus on the impact of valuing equality and individualism. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the impact of making the value of n…
Three studies investigated the effects of self-categorization on outgroup directed emotion. Study 1 demonstrated that self-categorization as an American or as a student changed emotion about police and Muslims. Studies 2 and 3 replicated Study 1 and investigated two mechanisms, …
The 2002 Gujarati Riots were one of the worst outbreaks of violence between Hindus and Muslims in India in recent history. While there have been some publications on the incident, there has been a startling lack of studies that have looked at the victims' experiences of the riot…
Scholars of conflict resolution have studied ways to reduce prejudice in society for years, believing that prejudice leads to or increases the likelihood of conflict. The primary focus has been on schools, universities and communities. More limited research has been conducted on…
A multiple case study was conducted to determine whether bias exists within the Kansas City Missouri Police Department regarding people of Middle Eastern origin or Islamic heritage. This study involved personal interviews with Kansas City Missouri Police Officers of varied exper…
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right wing authoritarianism (RWA) on discrimination in the face of a threat to either resources or in-group identity. SDO can be viewed as the attitudinal manifestation of realistic co…
With over 60 years of war and terrorism related to the Israeli and Palestinian conflict, it is understandably difficult for present-day Jewish-Israeli adolescents and Palestinian adolescents in both Israel and the West Bank to imagine a peaceful future. The Artsbridge Institute …
Following 9/11 and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, anti-Muslim prejudice and violence dramatically escalated in the United States. We argue that a major contributor to this prejudice and aggression is endorsement of Right-wing Authoritarianism (RWA) because people high in RWA …
An Eco-phenomenological view is offered as an alternative to existing psychological approaches to studying ethnic prejudice(s) as attitudes. Following classical social psychological theory (Asch, 1952; Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957), attitudes are conceptualized as subjective…
The present research examined the perceptions and reactions that students from differing ethnic backgrounds had toward the issue of racial profiling under stereotype threat. A pilot study showed that Arab-American and African-American students have more negative attitudes, rumin…
Recent studies of Limited English Proficient (LEP) Latino immigrants in South Carolina have demonstrated that Latinos encounter language barriers when accessing healthcare services and feel that they are treated unfairly based on their ethnicity. The purpose of this research was…
The purpose of the current study was to untangle previous findings within the Terror Management Theory (TMT) literature suggesting that the activation of worldview defense causes an increased preference for the in-group culture and a decreased preference for the out-group cultur…
Anti-Semitism is resurgent throughout much of the world. A new theoretical model of anti-Semitism is presented and tested in three experiments. The New Anti-Semitism Israel (NASI) model proposes that mortality salience increases anti-Semitism and that anti-Semitism often manifes…
The purpose of this research was to (a) study the Muslim students, as a minority group--a group that no longer is foreign to this society or academia, in spite of the prevalent prejudice and discrimination found in the media and elsewhere; (b) investigate their perceptions of pr…