The discovery of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) has advanced our understanding of cochlear mechanics and the efferent auditory system. OAE are sounds generated within normal cochlea either spontaneously or in response to stimulation. The ability to measure OAE non-invasively, objec…
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Bubbles, formed by breaking waves, play an important role in the transfer of gases between the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere and have been shown to increase the flux of gases during periods of heightened sea state. Having been formed, these bubble clouds evolve through the effec…
We investigate equilibrium configurations and oscillation spectra of neutron stars, modelled as rotating magnetised fluid bodies in Newtonian gravity. We also explore the idea that these model neutron stars could have dynamics analogous to rigid-body free precession. In axisymme…
In this thesis, the transformation of optical telecommunication signal waveforms between the temporal and spectral domains is investigated. Temporal optical Fourier transformations (TOFTs) are presented with the primary aim of mitigating distortions in high repetition rate telec…
A new approach to room temperature mid-infrared applications in the 3 -5 µm spectral range has been proposed through the development of novel dilute nitride materials. InAsN shows a large bandgap reduction with a small lattice mismatch when a small amount of nitrogen is introduc…
Non-invasively characterizing the polarization properties of tissues has potential for in vivo clinical applications such as monitoring the healing state of wounds and burns. Conventional methods, which measure the polarization difference of a tissue and usually involve a co-pol…
Tho characteristic energy loss spectra of five metals have been measured under clean, ultra-high vacuum conditions. Primary electron beams with energies of several hundred oV wore used and the 'reflected' secondary electrons were analysed by 127° electro-static analysers. The fi…
Light travel time considerations are applied to the development of the infra-red flux from a cloud of dust grains surrounding a variable cosmic source of heating radiation. The properties of individual grains are explored, and the equation of radiative transfer is solved for the…
In surface mount technology (SMT) electronics assembly, the solder paste is printed onto the PCB's surface through a stencil and the components are later placed over the solder paste deposits. Since 2007, the use of extremely small SMT components for assembly of SMT devices has …
The main focus of this thesis is to search for low-frequency solar acoustic and gravity modes of oscillation of the Sun. Low-frequency modes are sensitive to the structure of the solar core and so provide stringent tests for models of the internal structure of the Sun. In this t…
Medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) has been used to investigate ultrathin epitaxial films. The depth profiles of V2O3(0001) films grown on Pd(111) were examined. The results from this demonstrated that on this substrate the films grown are highly non-uniform, with a large distr…
This thesis is based on the characterization of material properties of interest in rolled aluminium and steel sheet, both popular materials used across a wide-range of applications. The forming processes involved in producing rolled sheet metal depend on plastic deformation, ind…
Transient growth is quantitatively examined in two prototype separated flows using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Separated flows typically exhibit regions of convective instability due to the inflectional velocity profiles inherent in the shear flow. This can lead to the tr…
This thesis describes the statistical measurement of vortex ring velocity elds. The measurements were conducted using high accuracy SPIV, with the measurement system traversing with the vortex ring. This incurred two sources of error: vibration led to the superposition of a fluc…
The thesis focuses on the analysis and determination of the structure of various metal doped phosphate glasses, which are of interest for their potential biomedical properties. The structures have been determined principally by X-ray and neutron diffraction but are also supporte…
Imagine a thin sheet that performs optical illusions on the scene behind it. For example, a window that appears to reverse depth and to image objects in front of the sheet, or alternatively swimming goggles that cancel the refraction of surrounding water. This thesis will explor…
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) is the simplest interaction that allows access to Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs), a theoretical framework describing nucleon structure. The strong interest in GPDs results from the fact that they can be used to determine the tota…
This thesis reports the use of a Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser with a confocal microscope to precisely induce DNA damage in the nuclei of live cells by multi-photon absorption, the development and comparison of foci counting algorithms for the quantitative assessment of radiation …
This thesis discusses the development, benchmarking and applications of activation dose analysis methods for fusion devices. The development and code logic of the Mesh Coupled Rigorous 2 Step (MCR2S) system is discussed. Following the development of the code, appropriate benchma…