The design and physical verification of contemporary integrated circuits is a challenging task due to their complexity. System-in-Package is an example of generally congested electronic components and interconnects which in the initial design process rely on computationally inte…
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General relativity describes gravity as the curvature of space-time. The theory predicts the existence of gravitational waves (GWs), which can be described as ripples in space-time propagating at the speed of light. So far no direct detection of GWs has been achieved. The sensit…
Cepheids are a class of variable stars that undergo regular pulsations in size and brightness. There exists a strong correlation between the period of pulsation and the average intrinsic brightness of a Cepheid; this correlation is known as the period-luminosity relation, or Lea…
In early 2021 both NASA's Mars 2020 and ESA's Rosalind Franklin rovers will land on Mars carrying Raman spectrometers. This will be the first time that a Raman spectrometer has been deployed on another planetary body and both rovers will conduct their mission in regions that con…
The progressive improvement in the operating performance of existing nuclear reactors has brightened the outlook for nuclear power around the globe. In order to use less carbon based power, the use of nuclear reactors provides an attractive solution. However, questions are raise…
Between 2015 and 2018, proton-proton collisions were performed at the highest energy ever achieved in man-made particle accelerators, with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This thesis presents measurements performed with the ATLAS detector which fully exploit this energy, of t…
In this thesis we will see two targeted searches for gravitational waves (GWs) as-sociated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and how to make them faster and more sensitive. The first of these is PyGRB, a matched filter search that follows up short GRB detections. The second is X-pipeli…
Supported lipid bilayers are one of the most commonly used model membrane systems, studied with a wide variety of different techniques. One family of microscopy techniques is quantitative phase imaging, which measures the phase shift of light passing through a sample. This phase…
This is a thesis in two parts. In Part I, we will study the shear response of confined vortices. In Part 2, we will study light and matter interactions in photonic crystal fibres. Whilst the approaches of each are completely different, they both have the same central theme: soli…
Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) are now surpassing the performance of amorphous silicon based devices which once set the benchmark. State of the art development of OTFTs in active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for flexible displays has shown the potential fo…
The T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built, primarily, to measure the neutrino mixing angle 13. To determine this parameter with minimal uncertainty requires a good understanding of the initial neutrino flux in the beam and pre…
Statistical Mechanics (SM) is a branch of theoretical physics which inquires the properties of systems made up of a large number of interacting components. Starting from the details of the dynamics describing the interaction among the smaller components, the goal of statistical …
The anomalous Doppler instability (ADI) is a key relaxation mechanism for suprathermal electrons in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) plasmas. The ADI involves a shift from parallel to perpendicular electron motion, accompanied by the excitation of waves at frequency and wavenum…
The ability to control the magnetic properties of low-dimensional magnetic systems is a major aim of research in condensed matter physics. Bespoke magnetic systems have potential uses in many practical applications and experimental investigations of theoretical predictions. To a…
The spin-ice materials Ho2Ti2O7 (HTO) and Dy2Ti2O7 (DTO) are part of a large family of compounds called magnetic pyrochlore oxides. Typically, the magnetism of these systems arise from the rare-earth ions RE3+ which sits at the vertices of a lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra …
Photosynthetic organisms harvest sunlight through antenna light-harvesting complexes. Light absorbed by chromophores is transferred down an energy gradient to a reaction centre (RC) where photoinduced electron transfer occurs. A charge-separated state is generated that preserves…
An ensemble of atoms coupled to a high finesse optical cavity is an ideal test bed for the study of the cooperative behaviour of atom-photon systems. Dicke showed that an ensemble of excited atoms coupled to a light field interacts with the light in a collective and coherent fas…
This thesis reports research on the characterisation of the structure of point defects in chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used as a tool to determine the constituent nuclei and symmetry of previously unreported EPR active …
The detection of gravitational waves in the years to come will be the result of decades of work by institutions around the world to design and construct instruments to probe the characteristic strain of space-time on the smallest scales. Once detected, an entirely new field of s…