Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global health problem, with over 170 million infected individuals worldwide. 70-80% of infected individuals develop progressive disease, and approximately 2% of these acquire hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV entry is dependent on tetraspanin CD81,…
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Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is fast becoming a preferred choice for patients and surgeons, due to its biological, aesthetic and commercial benefits. The dynamic hip screw (DHS) is the standard implant for the treatment of fractures of the proximal femur, which is considered…
Factors contributing towards falls in older age during overground walking have been widely studied. Stepping behaviour, balance and head posture control during stair negotiation in young adults (YA) and older adults with either lower (LROA) or higher (HROA) risk of falling durin…
Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are equally common in both sexes and at all ages. However, complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease such as reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, although more common in men, increase sha…
Tendon and ligament damage causes extreme pain and decreased joint functionality. Current repair methods cannot restore original joint biomechanics nor promote regeneration of native tissue. Recent advances in tendon and ligament repair have involved engineering tissue using cel…
This thesis comprises two volumes, representing the research and clinical elements submitted to the University of Birmingham in partial fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). The first volume is the research component and contains three papers. Th…
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that supports the production, differentiation and selection of self-tolerant T cells from immature precursors of extrathymic origin. T cell development is a dynamic process involving the movement of thymocytes through specialised regions of…
CD4+ T cells play a key role in orchestrating adaptive immunity. Their activation requires antigen presentation via MHC II proteins on antigen presenting cells (APC). Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by various cell types including APCs. APC-derived exosomes are MHC class…
The aim of this project was the study of neutrophil recruitment and reverse transmigration using murine and human in vitro models of inflammation. Murine in vitro models of inflammation were developed using an immortalised microvascular cell line (MCEC-1) and primary murine vasc…
Metallo-drugs have been highly significant in the development of novel anticancer agents. Supramolecular drug agents allow the design and synthesis of a range of molecular architectures. The work in this thesis has built upon previous knowledge on this subject by undertaking nov…
The human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system. One of the major characteristics of cryptococcal disease is the ability of the pathogen to parasitise upon phagocytic effector cells. Cryptococcus ca…
This thesis presents four empirical chapters that challenge current sport concussion research and practice. Chapter 2 measured sport concussion knowledge in the UK general public using an online survey. It showed high sport concussion awareness, but limited and erroneous underst…
The aim of this study was to define new quantitative parameters of dynamic Pelvic Floor Muscle (PFM) function using 2D transperineal (TP) ultrasound imaging combined with image processing methods (IPM). Ultrasound and digital vaginal data were obtained from a volunteer convenien…
Static and dynamic balance are essential in daily and sports life. Many factors have been identified as influencing static balance control, two of which are carrying additional weight and localized muscle fatigue but their influence on dynamic balance in sport activities has not…
The thymus is organised into distinct microenvironments, and trafficking through these regions enables thymocytes to receive essential signals for the generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T-cell repertoire. Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) represent a key stromal cell type dur…
Ears are a new biometric with major advantage in that they appear to maintain their structure with increasing age. Current approaches have exploited 2D and 3D images of the ear in human identification. Contending that the ear is mainly a planar shape we use 2D images, which are …
This thesis describes research conducted into the measure- ment of pedestrian movement. It starts with an examination of current pedestrian detection and tracking systems, looking at several different technologies including image-processing systems. It highlights, as other autho…
1. The effects of glucose on the electrophysiological properties of rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurones were investigated. Neurones were recorded in 10 mM (hyperglycaemic) and 2 mM (euglycaemic) glucose-containing aCSF. The major findings were that input resistance i…