This investigation explored the impact of acute cold exposure on postural control during static balance tasks. The aims were to establish the impact of short term cold exposure on human postural control, identify key processes that lead to performance changes, and to examine app…
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Introduction: There is a hypothesis that Eye-Hand Coordination (EHC) is a general ability presenting an opportunity to explore it’s mechanisms via a series of innovative studies. The thesis outlines two major aims: 1) to establish reliable measurement techniques and protocols fo…
Grounded in an integrated framework (Duda, 2013) that pulls from achievement goal theory (AGT; Nicholls, 1989) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, the current thesis presents the steps taken to develop and test the Multidimensional Motivational Clim…
Reduced neuron models are essential tools in computational neuroscience to aid understanding from the single cell to network level. In this thesis I use these models to address two key challenges: introducing experimentally verifi�ed heterogeneity into neocortical network models…
The principal aim of this project is to examine posture and muscle activity when using an ergonomically designed saddle seat compared with a conventional seat during common dental procedures with the dental students and practising dentists. The study was conducted with practisin…
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important regulatory arm of the immune system. Defects in the number and activities of iNKT cells have been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. The glycoprotein CD1d plays an integral part in the recognition and…
Timing is a crucial aspect of dynamic tasks, and understanding of timing effects in balance control may contribute to refine balance retraining paradigms for hemiparetic stroke. This thesis opens with a review on predictive and reactive modes of balance control. The initial revi…
All eukaryotic cells possess mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited through the oocyte, its replication being regulated by nuclear-encoded replication factors. It was hypothesised that mtDNA replication is highly regulated in oocytes, pre-implantation embryos a…
Patients with diabetic renal disease develop elevated urinary albumin excretion rates [AER] and hypertension. Preliminary data from several groups suggest that diabetic patients handle transferrin, a protein similar in size and weight, in a different fashion from albumin. In the…
Apoptosis can be distinguished from necrosis, the classical form of cell death, by several morphological and biochemical criteria. Apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells, show early condensation of chromatin as well as endonuclease activation resulting in cleavage of the nuclea…
The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in western society, and the numbers affected by obesity and diabetes continue to rise. This thesis reviews the mechanisms at play and the gaps in the literature that, if filled, may increase knowledge of treatment regimes for affected i…
The process through which new blood vessels are formed within the body is known as angiogenesis. An essential part of our survival, it has also been implicated more recently in many diseases both in terms of induced growth, and abnormal vascular structure. Angiogenesis is charac…
The experiments presented in this thesis describe the roles of the post-junctional α1, α2-adrenoceptors (AR) and P2X purinoceptors in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation in mouse mesenteric and tail arteries. Such roles were determined by combining wire myography technique…
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients have high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Poor autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, (increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity) is a factor contributing to the risk for CVD in RA. The first experimental chapter incl…
Optimal management of British military personnel injured in Afghanistan is best achieved in the United Kingdom; therefore aeromedical evacuation (AE) is arranged, often within the first 24 hours for the most severely injured casualties. However, early aeromedical evacuation carr…
The proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joint is vital for hand function. It is frequently affected by contractures as a result of injury or disease. Dynamic external fixators are one of the useful treatment methods of these contractures, enabling the ability to exercise adjacent joi…
The gut-derived bacteria, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), have been observed to be raised in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which appears to represent a source of diet induced inflammation exacerbating metabolic disease. To furthe…
T2DM is a growing health problem worldwide. It is now increasingly being diagnosed earlier in life. The factors involved in such an epidemic are complex. The intrauterine environment has long been known as an important contributor to many diseases including metabolic disorders s…
A rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration is key to controlling both short term and long term Ca2+ dependent processes which include secretion, metabolism and gene expression, cell growth and proliferation. Store operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), which are activated by the depleti…