Queens

The Early Middle Ages was a turbulent time period of European history in which various Germanic tribes sought to establish kingdoms in Western Europe after the implosion of the Roman Empire. These kingdoms initially functioned under Germanic cultural practices that placed a stro…

As a woman the queen in fifteenth-century Scotland could not exercise authority in her own right. She did, however, possess power. Her power was derived from that of her male relatives and was dependent upon the recognition and acceptance of the political community; as the queen…

The religious identification of Ptolemaic Queens with Greek and Egyptian deities has thus far received rather marginal attention in studies of Hellenistic ruler cults. This dissertation presents an interpretation of the ideological importance and symbolic significance of the que…