"The basis of Chinese religious culture, and with that many aspects of daily life, was the threat and fear of demonic attacks. These were inherently violent and could only be counteracted by violence as well-- even if this reactive violence was masked by euphemisms such as execu…
This study of crusading policy examines the relationship between the papacy and 'internal' crusades of Europe during the early 13th century.
An 'internal' crusade is defined as a holy war authorized by the pope and fought within Christian Europe against those perceived to be foes of Christendom, either to recover property or in defense of the Church or Christians.€ This study is therefore not concerned with those cru…
Peace is a universal ideal, but its political life is a great paradox: "peace" is the opposite of war, but it also enables war. If peace is the elimination of war, then what does it mean to wage war for the sake of peace? What does peace mean when some say that they are committe…
Religionskriege im Alten Reich und in Alteuropa
