X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) experiments on artificial pits of 316L stainless steel were carried out to study the oxidation state and speciation of alloying elements in the pit solution. It was confirmed that the oxidation states of Fe, Cr and Ni are 2+, 3+ and 2…
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This thesis is concerned with the porosity formation mechanism during electron beam welding of titanium-based alloys. During the welding of titanium alloys for aerospace engine applications, porosity is occasionally found in the solidified welds. Hence the key factors responsibl…
Vermiculite is a clay mineral that is generally used for a wide range of applications such as in agricultural, horticultural and construction industries. This is due to its various properties which include high porosity, lightweight, thermo-insulating, non-toxic and good absorpt…
Steel properties are controlled by its microstructural parameters, such as grain size, phase balance and precipitates. It is desirable to monitor microstructural changes during processing, allowing in-situ feedback control, or microstructure characterization in a non-contact and…
The microsegregation of alloying elements (Mn, Si and Ni) in as-continuously cast steel slabs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The segregation profiles were obtained by cumulative profiles method using weighted in…
The introduction of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for structural applications in the hot section of a gas turbine provides many potential benefits over conventional alloy materials, including facilitating elevated operating temperatures. The development of an oxide-oxide CMC …
The investigation of the interaction and kinetics of hydride forming materials under high frequency electromagnetic fields was undertaken in a joint research project between the University of Birmingham and C-Tech Innovation ltd. The improvement in the reaction rate of materials…
Roman military equipment has traditionally been studied from a typological perspective based on a linear concept of change. Whilst Roman alloys have been analysed scientifically and general studies on them have been published, analysis of military equipment has been scarce and m…
Titanium aluminide alloys are prone to extensive shrinkage porosity, particularly interdendritic layer porosity. This research aims to develop a better understanding of shrinkage porosity in Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy and how to minimize it. Practical measurements in conjunction with com…
Active Screen Plasma Nitriding (ASPN) is a novel surface engineering technique, the main advantage of which is the capacity to treat homogeneously all kind of materials surfaces of any shape. Here, ASPN is used to modify the surface properties of ionomer glasses and polymers in …
Research has been undertaken to develop new yttria slurry systems for use in mould face coats for investment casting TiAl alloy, solving the pre-gelation problems of commercial yttria slurry systems to increase slurry life. Meanwhile, the new face coats should also have excellen…
A major factor limiting the use and longevity of rare earth based magnetic materials is their susceptibility to aqueous corrosion and associated detrimental effects upon the magnetic properties of the material. This process was investigated through a combination of exposure to s…
Low temperature plasma surface alloying with nitrogen (nitriding), carbon (carburising) and both (carbonitriding) has been successfully employed in hardening medical grade ASTM F138, ASTM F1586 and ASTM F2581 as well as engineering grade AISI 316 by the formation of a modified l…
Nanostructured metal films were electrodeposited through the hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase (HI). The mesoporous structure consists of porous channels (a few nm in diameter) arranged in an hexagonal array. These mesoporous metal films exhibit high surface areas sup…
We study the low temperature magnetic ordering of rare-earth pyrochlores. The dominant magnetic interaction: nearest neighbour antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange, is frustrated with a macroscopic ground-state degeneracy. This degeneracy is lifted by weaker interactions, stabi…
This project investigated the possibility of tailoring the crystallinity of electrospun fibres (crystallinity studies), and the electrospinning of bi- and multicomponent scaffolds of PLLA. During the crystallinity studies, the effects of various electrospinning process parameter…
In this thesis the influence of microstructure on fracture toughness is investigated for two different medium/high strength Al-alloys for aerospace application. In weldable AA6156 (Al-Mg-Si-Cu) alloy sheet, the quench sensitivity in toughness is assessed via enhanced Kahn tear t…
An experimental study was carried out concerning the optimization of catalyst type, operating conditions, addition of water and hydrogen for use in the THAI-CAPRI process and is reported. Three feeds namely, THAI field oil, Combustion Cell Oil (CCO) and n-decane were used in the…