To predict cell breakage in bioprocessing it is essential to have an understanding of the cell wall mechanical properties. This project involved a study of the wall mechanical properties of individual Baker’s yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using compression testing by mi…
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A major problem of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is their long term durability under cyclic operation, for example during start-up and shutdown, where cracking can occur. The objective of this project is to understand these mechanisms of cyclic degradation for micro-tubular SOF…
This thesis reports numerical analyses of powder flow, mixing and segregation behavior during die filling in a vacuum and in air using an Eulerian-Lagrangian model, which employs a Discrete Element Method (DEM) for the particles and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for the air…
There is a growing interest to incorporate melamine formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules containing perfume oil in detergents, which can be delivered to consumers at end-use applications. The microcapsules should have desirable properties including optimum mechanical strength and cap…
As the focus of research on ‘adaptive/responsive’ surfaces has in recent years contributed strongly towards the design of surface materials with ‘intelligent’ or ‘smart’ behaviour, current superparamagnetic adsorbents being employed both in small and large scale operations can b…
Magnetic bioseparations based on non-porous adsorbents offer a low-fouling alternative to the porous materials required by conventional adsorbent separation techniques. Interest in magnetic bioseparations has been limited by the high cost of suitable magnetic absorbents. In this…
The flow pattern and distribution of energy dissipation rate in a batch rotor-stator mixer fitted with disintegrating head have been numerically investigated. Standard k-e turbulence model in conjunction with sliding mesh method was employed and the simulation results were verif…
The flow of rheologically complex fluids in industrial equipment poses a number of challenges, not least from a modelling point of view. Research is needed to further understand and be able to predict the flow behaviour of such materials and to investigate ways of improving thei…
Fuel cells could substantially decarbonise domestic energy production, but at what cost? It is known that these micro-CHP systems are expensive but actual price data has been elusive. Economic realities constrain individuals’ decisions to purchase and national policies on climat…
The aim of this study was to create a bi-layered packed bed chromatography support for the purification of nano-sized bioproducts. The effect of three different chemistry approaches, different solvent conditions, and microwave heating were investigated on construction of a bi-la…
The optimisations of reduction and operation of Ni-YSZ anode supported micro tubular cells on pure methane were studied. A major problem of SOFCs is nickel anode performance on methane and higher hydrocarbons. The aim of this work was to study the effect of reduction and operati…
This work discusses optimisation of the cryopreservation of Bacillus licheniformis cell banks, used as inoculum for α-amylase producing 5 L batch fermentations. The effect of the presence of various cryopreservants including glycerol, Tween 80 and dimethyl sulphoxide on final fe…
In modern times we have become increasingly reliant on mammalian cell culture for the production of biopharmaceuticals; therefore research aimed at improving the characteristics of the cell-lines being used for recombinant protein production is essential. In this study I have ex…
Chapter One reviews the synthesis, properties and reactions of 2-methyleneaziridines, the subject of this thesis. Chapter Two describes the use of these heterocycles in the development of a new four-component synthesis of biologically important α-aminophosphonates. This new chem…
The term extractives defines chemical compounds of different classes that can be extracted from wood or bark by means of polar or non-polar solvents. Extractives are derived mostly from the metabolic processes of the tree, particularly the sapwood to heartwood transformation. Th…
Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier as it only produces water as a by-product. However, technical and social issues first need to be overcome in order to achieve such economy. In particular, this work focuses on solid state hydrogen storage as it is a key technological challenge…
Characters on computer keyboards are typically printed using one of the two different processes, namely tampographic printing and laser marking. Tampographic printing is time consuming (app. 3-5 mins.), requires skilled workers and employs difficult-to-handle chemicals. On the o…
The wide-scale usage of VOCs in industrial processes requires monitoring the concentrations of these vapours to keep a safe operating environment. Most combustible hydrocarbons can be ignited as a gas-air mixture in the range of 0.5% to 15% by volume. This has led to the develop…
The work presented in this thesis deals with two important low dimensional nanostructures: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and quantum dots (QDs). In the part of the work related to CNTs a novel method for growing CNTs without the need of metal catalyst is presented. The as produced CNT…