Fuel cells could substantially decarbonise domestic energy production, but at what cost? It is known that these micro-CHP systems are expensive but actual price data has been elusive. Economic realities constrain individuals’ decisions to purchase and national policies on climat…
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The aim of this study was to create a bi-layered packed bed chromatography support for the purification of nano-sized bioproducts. The effect of three different chemistry approaches, different solvent conditions, and microwave heating were investigated on construction of a bi-la…
The optimisations of reduction and operation of Ni-YSZ anode supported micro tubular cells on pure methane were studied. A major problem of SOFCs is nickel anode performance on methane and higher hydrocarbons. The aim of this work was to study the effect of reduction and operati…
This work discusses optimisation of the cryopreservation of Bacillus licheniformis cell banks, used as inoculum for α-amylase producing 5 L batch fermentations. The effect of the presence of various cryopreservants including glycerol, Tween 80 and dimethyl sulphoxide on final fe…
In modern times we have become increasingly reliant on mammalian cell culture for the production of biopharmaceuticals; therefore research aimed at improving the characteristics of the cell-lines being used for recombinant protein production is essential. In this study I have ex…
Chapter One reviews the synthesis, properties and reactions of 2-methyleneaziridines, the subject of this thesis. Chapter Two describes the use of these heterocycles in the development of a new four-component synthesis of biologically important α-aminophosphonates. This new chem…
The wide-scale usage of VOCs in industrial processes requires monitoring the concentrations of these vapours to keep a safe operating environment. Most combustible hydrocarbons can be ignited as a gas-air mixture in the range of 0.5% to 15% by volume. This has led to the develop…
The work presented in this thesis deals with two important low dimensional nanostructures: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and quantum dots (QDs). In the part of the work related to CNTs a novel method for growing CNTs without the need of metal catalyst is presented. The as produced CNT…
This thesis describes the development, characterisation and application of large diameter multimode plastic optical fibre (POF) sensors using evanescent field modulation. The exposed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) core of the POF fibre forms the sensor interface that detects refr…
The present research is concerned with investigating the structural effect of using steel fibre-reinforcement on the punching shear behaviour of ground-suspended slabs with internal columns. The main objectives of this research were to develop a constitutive model for steel fibr…
The overall aim of this research project was to expand the understanding of the deposition of titanium and the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 by spray deposition methods. The spray processes employed were cold spraying and high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. The…
Cold gas dynamic spraying, CGDS, is a relatively new technique used to deposit materials onto the surface of a substrate. It differs to the majority of other thermal spray techniques as the substrate and particles are not exposed to high temperatures during the spraying process.…
Tissues constituting mammalian organisms are finitely organised 3-D multicellular structures where cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are important modulators of functionality. The liver, being the site of metabolism in mammals, is extensively employed in in-vitro studies su…
Characters on computer keyboards are typically printed using one of the two different processes, namely tampographic printing and laser marking. Tampographic printing is time consuming (app. 3-5 mins.), requires skilled workers and employs difficult-to-handle chemicals. On the o…
The term extractives defines chemical compounds of different classes that can be extracted from wood or bark by means of polar or non-polar solvents. Extractives are derived mostly from the metabolic processes of the tree, particularly the sapwood to heartwood transformation. Th…
Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier as it only produces water as a by-product. However, technical and social issues first need to be overcome in order to achieve such economy. In particular, this work focuses on solid state hydrogen storage as it is a key technological challenge…
This thesis investigates the structural and physical effects of changing the ratio of Mn:Ga in the anion deficient perovskite, YSr\(_3\)Mn\(_{4-x}\)GaxO\(_{10.5}\). YSr\(_3\)Mn\(_{4-x}\)GaxO\(_{10.5}\) crystallises in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm, with lattice parameters a~…
This thesis presents an investigation into the morphology of palladium (Pd) size selected clusters and industrial Pd catalysts using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) technique. The driving force of this work is to establish rel…
This work aims to address the need for more durable electrocatalysts with lower precious metal content for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), through the development of novel electrocatalyst materials and preparation routes. In this work, 'Nafion-Pt/C' electrocatalyst…