Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the past century of intensifying control efforts and increasingly effective treatments, TB persists as a threat to global health. TB elimination i…
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Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Multiple immune factors control host responses to Mtb infection, including the formation of granulomas in the lung, which are aggregates of bacteria, infected and uninfected immune cells whos…
Military personnel are at a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection through military deployments, assignments to high incidence countries, and close contact with refugees and prisoners of war. Service members are routinely tested; those with active TB or latent tuberculosis i…
This study analyzes a little known early twentieth century crusade to prevent tuberculosis in children with tubercular parents. To thwart the disease, indigent children presumed ‘pretubercular’ were removed from their homes and relocated to special institutions, preventoria. The…
The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the standard test for detecting latent tuberculosis infection. With the HIV epidemic and the resurgence of tuberculosis (TB), identifying and treating persons with latent infection has been found to be important to prevent the development of act…
A cohort of 418 United States Air Force (USAF) personnel from over 15 different bases deployed to Morocco in 1994. This was the first study of its kind and was designed with two primary goals: to determine if the USAF was medically prepared to deploy with its changing mission in…
According to a recent estimate by the World Health Organisation, by the year 2000 tuberculosis (TB) will kill 4 million people a year. This dramatic increase, from 3 million in 1992 to 4 million by year 2000, is an alarming signal for health workers. Endocrinological abnormaliti…
Scourge, White Plague, consumption, lunger—these words were used to describe tuberculosis, the industrial world's most dreaded endemic disease. Although there was no cure for tuberculosis until after World War II, medical professionals believed they could cure the disease, and a…
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that the World Health Organisation (WHO) regards as a global pandemic. There is a great need for new drugs to combat this threat. Drug resistant strains of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), have increased the urgency of this qu…
The skeletal material for this study (N=490) is derived from the Upper Egyptian Predynastic cemetery HK43 at Hierakonpolis dating to Naqada IIA-C, approximately c.3800-3500 BCE. This dissertation explores four major issues: the decline of human health that accompanied a shift fr…
Full (complete) childhood immunization against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, yellow fever, measles, and the maternal retention of immunization documentation are the most cost-effective interventions against vaccine-preventable childhood diseases.…
Worldwide the male:female ratio of new smear-positive TB cases is estimated to be roughly 2:1. However in Pakistan this is not the case. Rates of notified TB cases are 20–30% higher in young females compared with males and female rates remain high regardless of increasing age. T…
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a known public health threat to prison systems due to poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, poor health of inmates, and poor prison healthcare systems. The large population of HIV-infected people living in prisons is especially susceptible to …
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, particularly among people living with HIV/AIDS as the co-infection allows for the exacerbation of TB morbidity and mortality. The objective of this project is to pilot an active TB case finding strate…
Background. Nigeria has the fourth highest tuberculosis (TB) burden worldwide. In this study, mycobacterial agents from clinically symptomatic TB patients, regardless of HIV co-infection were isolated and characterized, and resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin determined. Meth…
TB care and prevention is led by the public sector, but many TB symptomatics first seek care in the private sector, highlighting the importance of engaging these facilities. This report examines basic TB epidemiology (such as the gap in case finding that could be addressed in pa…
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing problem in resource-limited settings (RLS). TB diagnosis in most RLS still depends on smear microscopy for acid-fast bacill…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) disease and is one of the most lethal infectious diseases known throughout human history. Most individuals that become infected establish latent infection and have a low risk of reactivation. Currently,…
The overall aim of this study was to employ a biomolecular technique - ancient DNA (aDNA) - to study two ancient diseases that were endemic in Europe (and therefore Britain) during the medieval period: tuberculosis and leprosy. In humans, the diseases are caused by M. tuberculos…