Turkey parvovirus belongs to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, genus parvovirus. It was identified in turkeys with enteritis for the first time in 1983. Since then there were no further reports on turkey parvovirus in the United States (US) until 2008 when Zsak et…
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Cellulitis continues to cause extensive losses in turkey production in USA due to severe mortality, carcass condemnation and treatment costs. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum have been recognized as the primary causative agents of cellulitis in turkeys. In this s…
In this study analyses of faunal remains are employed to investigate environmental, economic, social, and ideological factors associated with the emergence of a large aggregated Pueblo town in southwestern Colorado, during the Pueblo III period (ca., A.D. 1100–1300). Detailed sp…
This thesis research has been presented in several individual studies on Avian Pnemovirus (APV) infection in turkeys. An RT-PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of APV infection in turkeys. Primers derived from the Matrix gene of APV were found to be specific and s…
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or round heart disease is a muscle disease of the heart characterized by left ventricular dilatation and abnormal systolic and diastolic ventricular function. In animals, including turkeys and humans, DCM is a major cause of morbidity and mortality t…
The research described in this dissertation sought to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against avian influenza viruses (AI), avian pneumovirus (aMPV), and avian hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) among individuals with occupational exposure to turkeys. It also sought to …
Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) once bound to the receptor are responsible for enhancing overall tissue growth. The three experiments explored the presence of IGF protein in amniotic and allantoic fluids, mRNA abundance in extra-embryonic membranes and sm…
Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) is an important enteric pathogen affecting commercial turkeys. The complete genome sequence of a TCoV isolate from Ontario (27,657 bases) was determined (assigned as the reference sequence for TCoV GenBank NC_010800). The genome organization of this vir…
Concerns about phosphorus (P) excretion into the environment from livestock and poultry in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have made it necessary to examine alternative methods in which to reduce the amount of P that is excreted by the animal without impairing per…
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites with varying chemical structures and biological effects. Contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem worldwide. The major mycotoxin producing fungi are Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium . Occurrence of…
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are major bacterial food-borne pathogens that cause enteric diseases worldwide, resulting in significant public health and economic burden. These two closely related species colonize a wide range of farm animals including turkeys, pigs…
Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) causes a severe upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in turkeys. The disease is characterized by viral replication and extensive lymphoid cell infiltrations in the URT. The identity of infiltrating cells and their possible involvement in…
The focus of the dissertation is on myonuclear accretion of the early post-hatch poult because an increase in myofiber size is limited to the number of myonuclei present and the ability of the myofiber to acquire new nuclei is not consistent from hatch to market. The objective o…
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infection of turkeys is an economic concern for the turkey industry in Minnesota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the disease kinetics of aMPV, compare the disease caused by of early and recent isolates, analyze their genomes,…
The imiquimod S-28828 induced high serum levels of type I IFN in turkeys after oral administration. Spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes produced IFN following in vitro stimulation with S-28828. High dose treatment of turkeys with S-28828 enhanced the mortality ra…
Enteric disorders are becoming of increasing concern to the poultry industry. The causative agents of enteric diseases in turkeys include bacteria, viruses, parasites and antinutritional factors present naturally in feedstuffs. There were two general objectives of research repor…
Selection for increased body weight (BW) in turkeys has been found to be associated with the increased susceptibility to erysipelas, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Pasteurella multocida (PM). To gain better insight into effects of growth selection on immune responses to infec…
The objectives of this project were to develop an immune assessment panel that would adequately evaluate the immune status of birds consuming mycotoxin contaminated diets, and to evaluate immune responses in chicks and turkeys, fed the Fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisin B\sb1 (FB\sb…
Advances in molecular genetics have given us tools to address questions in wildlife species at levels of biological organization directly relevant to managers. Thus, the development of genetic markers for use in wildlife species such as the wild turkey is a high priority for the…