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Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is capable of providing elemental composition and, in some restricted cases, chemical bonding information for the elements present near the surface of solid materials. The surface specificity of this technique is such that only atoms in the top …
Vacuum technology has enormous impact on human life in many aspects and fields, such as metallurgy, material development and production, food and electronic industry, microelectronics, device fabrication, physics, materials science, space science, engineering, chemistry, technol…
