The main purpose of this study was to explore, analyze and reflect on the meaning, nature, causes and associated dynamics of change in higher education within a Pakistani cultural context. Resistance was a major component of understanding this change. I focused on multiple facto…
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This study arose from the desire to research the effectiveness of state building policies in Afghanistan. In order to address this topic, I review state building literature and find that state building literature focuses largely on the processes of democratization instead of ins…
This dissertation explores the implications of political and economic reform for local scale governance, defined primarily in terms of conflict management. A decade of neoliberal reform in Africa has revealed a fundamental dilemma; regime threatening conflict is associated with,…
During the Tanzimat period (1839–1878), the Ottoman state applied certain reform policies in order to centralize its administration, increase state revenue and implement social and economic development projects in the core regions of the empire. These same reform policies result…
Until recently, institutional reforms implemented under the so-called 'apertura' economic strategy has emphasized the correction of macroeconomic imbalances through specific policy measures (i.e. privatization, open trade, fiscal balance, stable exchange rates). As overall imbal…
Around the world, network utilities (i.e., electricity, natural gas, railway, telecommunications, and water supply industries) are undergoing major structural transformation. A new wave of market liberalization, together with rapid technological changes, has challenged the previ…
Since the 1970s, authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been enacting rule-of-law reforms--political and institutional changes codified legally--with greater frequency, despite the uncertainty and moderate risk reforms introduce. Autocrats in the r…
Invariably, every market has a set of institutions that regulate and define economic activities. Emerging economies may be developing in a way that integrates and blends traditional practices and beliefs with international conventions and standards. In these economies, like in a…
The dissertation examines the impact of trade liberalization and free trade agreements (FTAs) on growth, inequality, and poverty in light of Egypt's efforts to integrate its economy with the rest of the world. Do the new trade arrangements promote economic growth? And if so, wha…
This thesis examines factors that underscored higher education reforms in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period from 1990 to 2005. The study explores higher education reforms in three national settings—Hungary, Romania and the Republic of Moldova, and presents …
This research study of the critical evaluation of Nigeria’s Pension Reform Act (PRA) of 2004 tends to explore how the introduction of the contributory pension system (CPS) has helped to mitigate the problems of pension funds in Nigeria. Several kinds of literature reviewed have …
Utilizing International Political Economy (IPE) perspectives, I analyze trade reform policies in Bangladesh under the research query: What were the major forces for trade liberalization in Bangladesh? In particular, what were the relative importance of donors, the government and…
Scope and method of study . There has been consideration of alternative social security financing methods throughout the world during the last two decades. One alternative adopted in several countries is the privatization of so-called pay-as-you-go financing systems. The purpose…
After a series of reversals in its wars with European powers during the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was forced to reevaluate its military technology and training. The realization that the West had outstripped the Muslim East in scientific and technological advancement…
In this study I examine the history of El Salvador during the years 1948 to 1978. Current narratives regard this period as part of a sequence of oppression and underdevelopment under military rule that existed in this nation since the early decades of the twentieth century and t…
The political economy of Egypt and Mexico displayed striking similarities pre-reform, yet they have pursued divergent paths of labor market reform. The objective of this thesis is to explain this divergence in policy. This study contends that the differential strength of Egyptia…
Why have benefits to labor in Egypt remained constant after neoliberal economic reform began, whereas benefits to labor in Mexico have clearly decreased? Interestingly, the political economy of Egypt and Mexico displayed striking similarities pre-reform. Yet, despite the similar…
This dissertation contributes to the literature on regime change and stability by studying Pakistan, a case where fragmentation of power among the ruling classes has endured since the country's inception, creating a kind of "persistent instability." The study from which I draw m…