This dissertation examines changes in Fatimid legitimacy upon the establishment and then transfer of their state to Egypt in the 4th/10th century. Through an analysis of Fatimid literature on imama (or leadership of the community), it argues that the process of transition from a…
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Over the course of the sixteenth century, the Spanish Habsburgs developed a diplomatic system in Italy which bound most of the independent Italian states to Spain, so that by 1559 only Venice and the Papal States remained truly independent from Spanish rule. To control these pot…