Thesiss

Although legalized slavery ended in America in 1863, the lingering effects of this once barbarous system continues to impact African-Americans (Akbar, 1991; Wright, 1984; Muhammad, 1965). Physical brutality and later Jim Crowism, has now given way to covert institutionalized rac…

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Scale-4 has consistently been found to be elevated in a wide variety of alcoholic patient groups. Most researchers who have reported this elevation have characterized their subjects as hostile, rebellious, angry, impulsive, …