Thesiss

Many Christians either champion the kingdom or cling to the cross, yet Scripture presents a mutually enriching relationship between the two that draws significantly from the story of Israel and culminates in the crucifixion of Christ the king. In short, the kingdom and the cross…

During the early English Middle Ages, the cross was viewed as a symbol of God's power, a sign of both Christ's Passion and his triumph through Resurrection. The Dream of the Rood, an Old English poem about the cross, for example, encourages penitence through meditation on Christ…

The Fourth Gospel asserts that Jesus is king and Messiah and underscores the royal status of Jesus especially in the passion narrative. There is a recent tendency in Johannine scholarship to divorce Jesus' kingship from his messiahship, on account of the dearth of explicit David…

The spear, cross and crown were not only symbols of the Holy Roman Empire's authority, but also symbols of glorification and the millennial rule of Christ. Medieval German literature has many references to the instruments of the Passion. They had specific meaning and importance.…