Fourteenth- and fifteenth-century recovery romances create a convergent set of fantasies that reflect desires both for the reclamation of the Holy Land and for the protection and ascendance of Christianity. The disunity of Europe and the emergence of the Ottoman Empire produced …
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During the High Middle Ages, the city of Verona in Northern Italy stood at the geographic, political, and social crossroads of imperial and papal power. However, during the first half of the thirteenth century, Lord Ezzelino da Romano’s affiliation with the Holy Roman Emperor, F…
The Florentine Dominican Riccoldo da Monte Croce was a thirteenth-century missionary and apologist to Eastern Christianity and Islam, who traveled throughout the Middle East during a period in which the Latin Church was in ferment, challenged by the internal danger of heresy, an…
The dissertation investigates three early Old French prose histories, clustered around a specific event—namely the fourth crusade of 1204 and its ensuing conquest of Constantinople, the Byzantine capital of Eastern Christendom. Robert de Clari's La Conquête de Constantinople , G…
Ramon Llull is justly famous as a philosopher, mystic, and a missionary. He is perhaps less well known as an advocate of crusade and a writer of crusade plans. This thesis seeks to reconcile the opposition between missionary efforts and crusade activities in the late Middle Ages…
Richard I took the cross in 1187 and went on crusade in 1190. This dissertation examines Richard's decision in two contexts. First, Richard was the product of a twelfth-century culture that promoted and idealized crusade. Richard internalized conceptions of crusade from the fami…
In the early fifteenth century, a great debate took place at the Council of Constance (1414-1418) over the morality, legality and propriety of crusades against non-Christians. This debate was not merely theoretical or abstract for it was the intellectual theater in a multi-theat…
This dissertation is a critical edition and study of the Penser de royal memoire (1518), the second original work of the translator Guillaume Michel, a.k.a. Michel de Tours. The thesis begins by shedding some light on Michel's mysterious career (his translations of Virgil, Apule…
At the turn of the 13th century the regional church in southern France was caught between the powerful forces of heresy, inquisition, and papal power. At this time southern France marked the locus of influential heretical movements. Parisian reformers and Cistercians blamed loca…
The irrevocable calling of Israel has fallen victim to wayward theologies, deadly anti-Semitism, and missiological ignorance and over the past two millennia. Confusion, neglect, or outright opposition has largely thwarted the biblical clarity of Israel's unique role in God's pla…
English literature about pilgrimage and crusade was written by and for people who defined themselves both as a religious community and as a nation in competition with older, more firmly established European kingdoms. These discourses of national English identity and Christian id…
The historiography of the Fourth Crusade has neglected long-term macroeconomic developments and its influence on the Fourth Crusade within the Byzantine Empire and the Italian states of Venice, Pisa, and Genoa. It is well-established that the Venetians rerouted the crusading for…
During the Great War many in British society started to utilize Crusading language and rhetoric to describe their experiences during the war. Those utilizing the rhetoric ranged from soldiers, journalists, politicians, to clergymen. The use of Crusading rhetoric tended to involv…