The course of the Eritrean 2% Diaspora Tax's development and implementation illustrates how the revenue apparatus reflects, and enables, the inadequate governance existing in present-day Eritrea. This thesis will reveal how the 2% Tax came to underwrite a parochial policy of abs…
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This dissertation is a discursive inquiry into the language Horn of Africa (HOA) youth use as they talk about their experiences. Study participants are 1.5 and second generation HOA youth, mainly from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, living in the Pacific Northwest and actively p…
In a system of multi-ethnic states, one of the gravest threats to international order is secession. If groups within already established states have the right to self-determination, then virtually every state in the system faces the risk of dismemberment. Since 1945, scores of s…
The Ethio-Eritrean conflict which lasted for three decades, 1961–1991, is a prototype of modern warfare that ravages the livelihood of rural communities. In these communities, the household is an economic and social unit. The ecological environment is their capital—source for fo…
This study aimed at examining media performance at a time when U.S. policymakers are uncertain as to what position to take in a foreign conflict situation that affects the national interest. The study departed from the argument by some mass communication scholars that Herman and…
Since the late 1960s, Eritreans in the United States have been active participants in ongoing efforts to define the Eritrean nation. They have also contributed extensively to the political-economic viability of the emergent state. During the nationalist revolution war of indepen…
This study explores the phenomenon of de facto statehood in contemporary international relations. In essence, the de facto state is almost the inverse of what Robert Jackson has termed the "quasi-state." The quasi-state has a flag, a capital city, an ambassador, and a seat at th…
This dissertation examines the making of a complex Red Sea urban coastal society in Massawa (in present day Eritrea) in the second half of the nineteenth century. As a centuries-old port town Massawa's traditional role and raison d'être has been to mediate between multiple comme…
Traditional theories of property rights change have posited an evolutionary progression of property rights towards private property in response to changes in the relative price ratio of land compared to the other factors of production. Using case studies from two areas of Ethiop…
What kinds of power-resources do third party interveners employ to influence adversarial parties' behavior in the course of mediation? What factors and circumstances shape the effective use of such resources? This study attempts to answer these and allied questions by examining …
This dissertation reports the results of archaeological survey and excavations on the Buri Peninsula and Gulf of Zula, Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Its primary goals were to seek evidence for prehistoric human settlement, and to define the geological, chronological and cultural con…
This dissertation reports and interprets findings from an intensive archaeological survey and test excavation project in a 145 square kilometer area in the highland plateau region surrounding Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea. The archaeology of this region, known previously f…
Tigre is spoken by between 10 and 20 percent of the approximately 3.8 million inhabitants of Eritrea (East Africa). While there are a dozen Tigre-speaking groups, only one dialect, that of the Mensa' ethnic group, has been recorded grammatically, lexically, and textually. The re…
When Eritrean refugees began to return to their country from Sudan at independence in the early 1990s, they came to inhabit places that had been imagined from afar for as many as 30 years--for the younger generation, their entire lives. However, returnees shared a history of col…
This study is designed to examine the transformations of collective identities in twentieth-century Eritrea in the context of the Italian, British, and Ethiopian empires. Avoiding partisan representations, which see nationalists in the vanguard of emancipatory politics, and impe…
The decade of the 1970s, despite representing the era of detente, superficially appeared to be one of Soviet successes and American setbacks. From Vietnam to Angola, the USSR seemed to be gaining Marxist friends in the Third World. Because of this, the Soviet Union wanted the Un…
When European powers lost their hold over their empires, most colonies gained independence. This was not the case for Italy's Eritrea and Portugal's Timor, however. Both became subject to secondary colonialisms when Ethiopia annexed Eritrea, and Indonesia invaded and occupied Ea…
The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the relationship between the psychological and medical concerns circumcised women face and barriers to reproductive health care delivery in the United States. The relationship between female circumcision and reproductive health car…
Despite the vast amount of research on self-determination, there are pertinent questions that remain unanswered. Of the questions surrounding self-determination, the most intriguing and perhaps important, is what determines the status of a peoples vying for self-determination. A…