人類對死後世界的想像往往映射出人間社會的變化，不同時期政治制度的變化也常常影響到民眾對死後世界的理解與想象。佛教傳入中國後帶來了“業”與“輪迴”的概念，並宣稱萬物死後都要以生前的業行為依據進入輪回，開啟來世。在此基礎上，信徒不斷根據中國的傳統去理解並詮釋佛教中的死後世界。至晚唐時期，已經形成了充斥著官僚化神祇的佛道神譜以及死後上天堂下地獄的系統化構想。本文嘗試通過對比漢譯佛經與中土偽經、祈願文、宣佛小說等材料，考察漢唐之間的中國民眾是如何根據現實生活去理解佛教這一外來思想，並重新構建死後世界的。在梳理西方淨土思想與地獄觀念演變過程的同時，本文試圖考證中…
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This thesis argues that William Blake transforms the tale of Jacob and Esau, as well as a broader notion of biblical brotherhood, through using three modes of reading. Blake introduces his three modes of reading in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1793), but develops the third r…
This study enters into the dialog within Christian theology between annihilationism and traditionalism on the nature of eternal punishment. The positions and issues within the topic will be examined theologically and analyzed doctrinally. In my first chapter I will summarize the…