I examine how three European women used the people of the Middle East to construct their selves in response to the constraints of religion and gender in their societies. Harriet Martineau (Eastern Life: Present and Past, 1846) was a Unitarian, but embraced atheism. In the Middle…
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Late antique asceticism is a desert, filled with the hidden and unknown, the mysterious and undiscovered. Modern scholars have turned this desert into a library, with a ready-made card catalogue listing all the categories into which late antique asceticism should so neatly fit. …
The "Holy Spirit" is a familiar concept in Christianity, but in its original Hebrew construction as Ruah ha-Kodesh, it also plays an active role in classical Rabbinic literature. This dissertation surveys uses of the term Ruah ha-Kodesh in major texts from the Tannaitic period t…