Thesiss

Plants can increase their effective root length and surface area by investing in symbioses with soil fungi, forming mycorrhizal associations. In mutualistic mode, the plant provides photosynthate (fixed carbon) to the fungus, whereas the fungus provides nutrients to the plant. A…

Given the magnitude of e-auction transactions, it becomes challenging to safeguard consumers from dishonest sellers, such as shill bidders. Shill Bidding (SB) is a predominant auction fraud that is driven by modern-day technologies and clever scammers. The difficulty of identify…