Thesiss

This dissertation, a case study of a precapitalist world-system, examined the interactions between and among nested networks in West Africa from 600 A.D. to 1591 A.D. from the perspective of the Songhay in the Niger River valley. It focused on interconnections between the bulk g…

This dissertation explores how local ideas about racial difference developed in the Niger Bend region of Northern Mali in West Africa. Local prejudices based on skin color and physical characteristics existed in Northern Mali long before the arrival of Europeans. Local intellect…