Thesiss

This thesis is comprised of four studies. The first study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (11-item, athlete version CART-Q) employing a total of 1,363 athletes from Belgium (n =200), Britain (n =382), China (n =200), Gr…

Following social defeat, male hamsters exhibit behavioral changes characterized by a breakdown of normal territorial aggression and an increase in submissive/defensive behaviors in the presence of a non-aggressive intruder (NAI). We have termed this phenomenon conditioned defeat…

The effects of cyproheptadine, a serotonin (5-HT) antagonist and clozapine, a 5-HT/dopamine (DA) antagonist, on the agonistic, submissive, and nonagonistic social approach behaviors of aggressive and submissive hamsters were investigated. Research has indicated that 5-HT is invo…