Spending on infrastructure accounts for several percentage points of gross world product, reflecting its perceived importance to growth and development. Previous literature has made limited progress in providing unbiased estimates of its impacts, or causal evidence about policy …
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Two and three-phase flow processes involving gas, liquid and solid, are common in nature and industry, and include some of the most complex and poorly-understood transport problems. In this research hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer processes in complex two and three-phase f…
Bus-based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes have become increasingly popular over the past 40 years in the UK, as a result of them being considered a positive traffic reduction policy by many, not least local authorities. There have nevertheless been concerns over the true effects of …
Enquiries into the medieval history of south Wales have in the past tended to focus on the 'soap opera' history of the elite. This thesis differs in that it examines two aspects that are occasionally touched upon, and which are inextricably linked, but rarely considered in detai…
Effective management of the excreta or faecal sludge (FS) emptying, transport and disposal mechanisms from the on-plot latrines in urban areas of many low-income countries is critical for the sustainability of urban sanitation. However the literature mentions the lack of an effe…
Nearly half of Britain’s carbon dioxide emissions result from the activity of households, both within the home and from personal transport. This research examines how the carbon dioxide emissions of households can be reduced, particularly through the calculation of carbon footpr…
This thesis describes stereospecific fluorination reactions, and addresses the synthesis of fluorosugars. In Chapter 1, the influence of fluorine on the physical properties of organic molecules, as well as its stereoelectronic effects, are introduced. Furthermore, an overview of…
In this Ph.D. thesis I present three anomalous behaviors of systems that are based on polyisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM). In all cases, the anomaly is related to a special character of pNIPAM - its willingness to form hydrogen bonds. Each of the thesis' experimental sections deals…
This dissertation presents an examination of the causes and mechanisms underlying the widespread contamination of a shallow groundwater aquifer by fecal bacteria. The context for this study is a field site located in a rural area of Bangladesh that represents a microcosm for the…
L'analyse des processus d'industrialisation est une discipline qu'on peut situer à la jonction de l'économie du développement et de la théorie du commerce international.Dans un cas,une controverse oppose encore les tenants de la stratégie dite d'orientation vers les marchés exté…