Thesiss

Serfdom in Russia has often been viewed in Anglo-U.S. historiography as an exceptional institution in that it emerged in the early-modern age, after serfdom in Western Europe had ended, and that it persisted for well over two centuries, spanning the Muscovite and the Imperial er…

In this dissertation, I examine how categories of bondage in Khalkha Mongolia changed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries due to factors internal to Mongolian society as well as external factors such as Qing administration and the environment. I use Mongolian, Manchu, and…