Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

by Harrison, Roy M. Hester, R. E., (Ronald E.)

Type Book
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An important reference for researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, environmentalists and policy makers wanting to better understand the impacts of pharmaceuticals on the environment.

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Title Statements

  • Full title :Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Summary

An important reference for researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, environmentalists and policy makers wanting to better understand the impacts of pharmaceuticals on the environment.

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Publication Statements

The Physical Object

  • Description:1 online resource

Edition Identifiers

  • ISBN:9781523101931, 1523101938, 9781782621898, 178262189X
  • oclc:on1229450360
  • LC Classification:TA
  • Dewey Decimal:363.738

Table of Contents

Cover; Contents; Preface; Editors; List of Contributors; The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Future of Drug Development; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Historical Background; 1.2 What is a Pharmaceutical?; 1.3 Environmental Impact; 2 The Pharmaceutical Industries; 3 Research, Discovery and Development; 3.1 Pre-clinical Trials; 3.2 Clinical Trials; 3.3 Environmental Issues; 4 Commercial Realities; 4.1 Problems with Patents; 4.2 Maintaining a Viable Business; 4.3 Access to Medicines; 5 The Pharmaceutical Industry in the Future; 5.1 Commercial Pressures; 5.2 Environmental Challenges; 6 Conclusions

5.6.1 Multimedia Models for Exposure Assessment5.6.2 Catchment Models for Exposure Assessment; 5.6.3 Global Models for Exposure Assessment; 5.7 Models to Evaluate Potential Impacts of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens; 5.8 Using Models to Evaluate Mitigation Strategies; 6 Conclusion; References; Pharmaceuticals in the Marine Environment; 1 Introduction; 2 Key Sources of Pharmaceuticals Entering the Marine Environment; 2.1 Human Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs; 2.1.1 Sewage; 2.2 Veterinary Medicines; 2.2.1 Agriculture and Horticulture; 2.2.2 Aquaculture

2.3 Environmental Fate of PhACs in Marine Envir…

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