Biologists have long sought to understand how ecological selective pressures drive evolutionary responses. Defining how morphology, life history, and abiotic conditions interact across deep time can reveal the selective pressures responsible for shaping various axes of biodivers…
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In the next few years, the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), along with the construction of new ground-based observatories, will provide the opportunity to attempt atmospheric characterization of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby M dwarf stars. …
This qualitative and phenomenological study sought to determine if there is a need for additional programming on the benefits of a more positive school climate and school connectedness as a means of decreasing school violence. The background and history of school violence as wel…
During the last few decades, the global agricultural production has risen and technology enhancement is still contributing to yield growth. However, population growth, water and energy crisis, and extreme weather, climate change, etc. threaten the global food security. The focus…
This dissertation consists of three separate essays that empirically investigate issues in economic development and urbanization. Chapter 1 investigates the role played by cultural and political institutions in determining gender norms. Chapter 2 explores the role played by earl…
The primary purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of principal leadership influencing school culture as viewed by stakeholders involved in the International Schools Group (ISG) in Saudi Arabia. A secondary purpose of this study is to inform ISG educational leaders …
High Mountain Asia (HMA) has been strongly impacted by climate change, and will continue to be impacted by diverse climate stressors in the coming years. A combination of changing weather patterns and retreating glaciers has begun to impact water resources in the region; the rat…
This dissertation focuses on the economics of infrastructure development and public finance. The dissertation is composed of three papers: The first paper analyzes the optimal solutions for supplying electricity to national economies from both domestic as well as distant energy …
Background: Infectious diarrhea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children living in developing regions of the world. However, the temporal distribution and mechanisms underlying fluctuations in diarrhea incidence are largely unknown. We sought to model all ca…
Feathers are among the key characteristics that distinguish extant Aves (crown birds) from other taxonomic groups. However, 'modern' pennaceous feathers were inherited to the birds from their non-avian dinosaurian ancestors and are present in a more inclusive group of theropod d…
Variable mixtures of CO 2 ice, H 2 O ice, and dust in volatile exposures at the south pole of Mars influence interactions with the atmosphere that drive their formation, evolution, and eventual preservation as long-term climate records. However, ice composition in the south pola…
The northern Australian rainy season is part of the Asian-Australian monsoon system and occurs during the Austral summer across the northern regions of the continent. The Australian monsoon is responsible for most of the annual rainfall budget for the region, thus having a compr…
For more than a century, a large volume of gold-mining tailings was deposited in Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River, tributaries to the Cheyenne River in western South Dakota. Much of it still remains, and field and historical evidence indicates continued remobilization…
Today, a “High-carbon Energy compleX” (HEX) of fossil-fuel enterprises and their allies hold the future captive, attempting to indefinitely preserve global reliance on carbon- emitting energy. Emergent social forces offer alternative futures, from ‘climate capitalism’ to energy …
Indigenous peoples in the United States are already disproportionately experiencing the impacts of climate change. Closely related to tribal efforts to manage climate effects are historical endeavors to assert indigenous sovereignty and govern tribal lands, but deficiencies in t…
The goal of my dissertation has been to test hypotheses for the origins of high-latitud eclimatic warmth and the subsequent global cooling in the middle Miocene, aimed primarily at understanding the oceanographic evolution of the Pacific realm. I attempted to constrain the exten…
Scientific communities have been working in creating and enhancing scientific research programs in which in situ and satellite data as well as remote sensing (RS) technologies are being applied to regional environmental issues. These issues include the effects of climate change …
To test the hypothesis that climate change caused the abandonment of Tell Leilan during the late 3rd millennium BC (Weiss et at. 1993), 153 permanent teeth were assessed for developmental enamel defects as indicators of non-specific stress. Although the results indicate a greate…
Interactions between climate variability, risk behavior and agricultural policies in Morocco are examined. The analysis employs a series of general equilibrium models that are linked together to account for risk. The model explicitly incorporates the main features of the economy…