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1. Introduction. -- 2. The fairs of early modern Italy / E. Welch. -- 3. Renewal of the shop system: Italy in the early modern period / D. Calabi. -- 4. 'Piu honorati et suntuosi ala Republica': botteghe and luxary retail along Siena's Strada Romana / F. Nevola. -- 5. From the m…
Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated marke…
