In this thesis, the superconducting properties of some unconventional superconductors have been investigated using low temperature magnetic, thermal and transport measurements, small angle neutron scattering, and muon spin rotation/ relaxation techniques. The aim was to correlat…
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The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) aims to make a proof of principle measurement of ionisation cooling of muon beams for use in a future neutrino factory or muon collider. To complete this measurement, two precision scintillating fibre spectrometers have been construc…
Energy-scanned photoelectron diffraction was used to determine the local adsorption site of several molecular species on well defined single crystal surfaces. Cytosine and uracil on Cu(110) were found to adsorb with their molecular planes perpendicular to the surface and mostly …
InN and group III nitride materials have attracted great interest due to their potential applications for optoelectronic devices, as the range of band gaps cover the ultra-violet to the near infrared. InN and all In-rich InxGa1−xN alloys exhibit a surface electron accumulation l…
In this thesis the dynamic properties of unknotted ring polymers at high densities is investigated. We hypothesise an unusual type of glass transition which is purely attributed to the topological constraints between the penetrating rings. A mean-field model is developed to desc…
An extensive qualitative and quantitative study of Rossby wave, drift wave and zonal flow turbulence in the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima model is presented. This includes details of two generation mechanisms of the zonal flows, evidence of the nonlocal nature of this turbulence and of …
The mineral β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Ca3(PO4)2, is currently of interest in the immobilisation of nuclear wastes, along with various biomedical applications. Several substituted forms of β-tricalcium phosphate have been produced with the general formula Ca9M3+ x (PO4) 6+x…
Scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction (PhD) is a well-known method to determine quantitatively the local structure of adsorbates at surfaces. In this thesis, it has been employed to determine the adsorption site of a selection of molecules on surfaces. The adsorption on …
Time of flight diffraction and imaging (TOFDI) is based on time of flight diffraction (TOFD), adding cross-sectional imaging of the sample bulk by exploiting the scattering of ultrasonic waves from bulk defects in metals. Multiple wave modes are emitted by a pulsed laser ultraso…
Epitaxial growth of NiSb on GaAs(111)B substrates has been achieved for the first time. X-ray diffraction confirms the films are of high quality and oriented (0001) with respect to the (111) substrate. Surface reconstructions have been observed on NiSb thin films through electro…
This thesis presents the theoretical framework required to apply spectrally resolved x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) as a diagnostic method for warm dense matter. In particular, the theory is generalised to allow for the description of systems with multiple ion species where all…
This thesis presents a general formalism for a Density Functional Theory description of the magnetic state of a heterogeneous system, from its paramagnetic high-temperature state to the magnetically ordered ground state. The key ingredient is the identification of localised magn…
This thesis discusses the creation, acquisition and processing of digital holograms. Several techniques to improve the optical resolution have been investigated and developed. The optical resolution of numerically reconstructed digital holograms is restricted by both the samplin…
This thesis presents an analytical and computational approach to modelling partially ionised, spatially-inhomogeneous and recombining plasmas. The specific context for this study is astrophysical plasmas, the early Universe in particular. Two models are investigated in detail: a…
Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by reduced bone mass and altered microarchitecture leading to an increased risk of fracture. The consequences of osteoporosis include reduced quality of life and pain, associated with fractures. Its financial burden on health services are …
In recent years, there has been much interest in the possible existence of the N*(1685) narrow nucleon resonance, as predicted by the chiral soliton model. Several eta photoproduction experiments have been performed that rely on extracting neutron observables from deuteron targe…
This thesis presents measurements of the charm sector mixing and CP-violation parameters yCP and AGamma, made using data collected in 2010 by the LHCb experiment at the LHC at s 1/2 = 7 TeV. yCP is defined as the difference from unity of the ratio of the effective lifetime of th…
The first generation of gravitational wave detectors are currently undergoing significant upgrades to increase their sensitivity by a factor of ten. These upgrades include the installation of quasi-monolithic silica suspensions in an attempt to reduce the thermal noise of the te…
This thesis is concerned with the design, fabrication and characterisation of high power semiconductor mode locked lasers (SMLLs), operating at ~ 1.5 μm. The devices are based on a novel epitaxial structure with three quantum wells (QW) in the active region. The novel epitaxial …