The theoretical foundations of the seesaw mechanism and baryogenesis are developed, prior to a discussion of leptogenesis - the idea that the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) originates in the physics of the seesaw mechanism. Particular emphasis is placed upon several nove…
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We present results for the ∆I = 3/2 K → ππ decay amplitude computed using lattice quantum chromodynamics. The calculation is performed using 2 + 1 flavours of domain wall fermion and the Iwasaki gauge action modified by the dislocation suppressing determinant ratio, on a lattice…
This work explores the connection between the spectral properties of the X-ray emission produced by black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) and the variability properties of these sources that are embedded in lightcurves. While BHXRBs are mostly studied using ‘static observables‘ suc…
This thesis examines a series of effects associated with condensation in excitonic systems, and in particular in systems of microcavity exciton-polaritons and indirect excitons. A proposal is presented for a terahertz laser based on a microcavity system, in which a polariton con…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) poses a challenge in calculating physical phenomena in low energy scales due to its strongly coupled character. The tools available for understanding this region of QCD are limited. One such tool is gauge/gravity duality which promises to attack stro…
Neutrino mixing is a thriving area of particle physics research, with the recent discovery of non-zero θ13 inspiring a large amount of research into the field. This thesis presents two models which aim to explain the observed neutrino mixing patterns in the context of Grand Unif…
Wingtip vortices are extremely important phenomena in fluid dynamics for their negative effects in many applications. Despite the many studies on this particular flow, the current understanding is still poor in providing a form base for the design of effective tip geometry modif…
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) provides the simplest access to Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs), which is a theoretical framework that describes nucleon structure. The GPDs are of particular interest due to the fact that they can provide a 3–dimensional descript…
Gravitational waves are a result of Einstein's theory of general relativity which postulates that these waves, created by asymmetrically accelerating masses, propagate through the Universe as ripples in the curvature of space-time at the speed of light. Gravitational waves have …
In this thesis we provide several different systematic methods for constructing complex root spaces that remain invariant under an antilinear transformation. The first method is based on any element of the Weyl group, which is extended to factorizations of the Coxeter element an…
This thesis presents studies on the adsorption of chlorobenzene using STS, non-local desorption of chlorobenzene and the atomic manipulation of the PCB molecule using STM. The atomic manipulation of the mucin molecule on HOPG surfaces under different conditions has also been inv…
A validated experimental and numerical procedure is described detailing macroscopic and microscopic dose calculations forming the basis of a protocol for the pre-clinical biological characterisation of the University of Birmingham’s BNCT facility. Fundamental reference dosimetri…
A time-resolved ellipsometry technique has been developed using a home- built and calibrated ellipsometer. The design and optimisation of the ellip- someter has been chosen carefully to study low absorption materials. The ellipsometric angles (Ψ and ∆) are measured in good agree…
High resolution crossed-beam laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the isotope shifts and hyperfine parameters of nineteen transitions in atomic ruthenium. These results have been used in conjunction with four other existing transition measurements to determine accurate va…
A data sample with integrated luminosity 7.1 inverse microbarns of pp collisions was collected with a minimum bias trigger at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. It is analysed to identify large pseudorapidity gaps. The inelast…
In this thesis the development of new analysis methods that study the carrier distributions in quantum dots (QDs) directly from experimental measurement of spontaneous emission and gain spectra are described. These were applied to three InAs QD structures that are nominally iden…
In this thesis a new computer code is developed to perform non-equilibrium Green’s function based calculations of electronic transmission, using a Hamiltonian computed from self consistent extended Hückle theory as input. Individual elements of this code are tested to ensure cor…
Strong coupling between a Fabry-Perot cavity mode and a quantum well exciton give rise to the new quasi-particles microcavity exciton-polaritons. Microcavity polaritons were for the first time demonstrated in 1992 in Ref [1] and since then, the field developed dramatically. Fund…
We study the effects of the supersonic collision of molecular clouds using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. We review the observational evidence for cloud-cloud collision and previous computational work. We describe the SPH method, the algorithms used in the SP…