ATP release from the surface of the ventro-lateral medulla (VLM) is integral to the hypercapnic response in vivo and can be seen in vitro. By employing horizontal slices of the ventral medulla containing the ventral chemosensitive nuclei, I have developed a model that consistent…
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The inflammatory response is critical to healing outcome after cutaneous injury. Our current understanding of the response to injury has been compiled from targeted studies on components expected to play a role. It was hypothesised that an unbiased approach to characterisation o…
There is now strong epidemiological and animal research showing that undernutrition in gestation and early postnatal life is linked with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The physiological processes involved are not yet clear. The aim of this thesis was …
The thesis commences with a review of trends in declining psychological disorders as a person ages. These findings are understood in terms of differences between older and younger adults’ emotion processing. Socio-emotional selectivity theory is introduced as one account of thes…
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) worldwide has a prevalence of 10% in men and 8.5% in women. Exacerbations of COPD account for approximately 10% of all acute medical admissions. Projected prevalence figures suggest that by 2020 COPD will be the third leading cause of…
Liver fibrosis has a range of aetiologies and is a global cause of mortality. A critical effect of liver fibrosis which also increases mortality is portal hypertension. The hepatic stellate cell is accepted as a major progenitor of liver myofibroblasts, which have been shown to …
Multidrug resistance (MDR) describes the phenomenon whereby cancer cells exposed to a single cytotoxic drug develop cross resistance to numerous other structurally unrelated chemotherapeutics. The development of MDR is a major cause of cancer chemotherapy treatment failure in al…
Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) are produced by the cochlea and provide an objective and non-invasive measure of cochlear function. A new technique, based on Maximum Length Sequences (MLSs) enables stimulus rates of up to 5000 clicks/s to be used, and gives increased speed …
Existing breath sound measurement systems and possible new methods have been critically investigated. The frequency response of each part of the measurement system has been studied. Emphasis has been placed on frequency response of acoustic sensors; especially, a method to study…
The findings of this study provide an original contribution to knowledge in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and have important implications for eiThancing clinical practice. The results demonstrate the existence and significance of associations between disease and psychological stat…
Flatwater sprint kayaking performance can be assessed through the analyses of average boat velocity a paddler can produce, which has been shown to be directly linked to the levels of force production. Furthermore kayaking has been the subject of substantial level of investigatio…
Introduction: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and elevated levels of catecholamines and endothelin-1 (ET-1), each of which affects the atrial L-type calcium current (ICaL) and consequently action potentials. Hypot…
Even though spinal cord research has expanded enormously during the past decades, we still lack a precise understanding of how spinal interneuron networks perfectly integrate sensory feedback with motor control, and how these neuron circuits give rise to specific functions. The …
The intensity difference threshold is defined as ‘the difference in the intensity of two stimuli which is just sufficient for their difference to be detected’. The aim of this thesis is to advance understanding of the perception of vibration intensity differences in humans. In a…
The vibration transmitted through a seat is influenced by the dynamics of the seat and the dynamics of the occupant. The principal objective of this thesis is to understand how the dynamics of the body and factors affecting the dynamics of the body influence the vibration transm…
RKIP was initially discovered as an endogenous inhibitor of the ERK and NF-κB pathways,and was also shown to prolong the activation of GPCRs via inhibition of the GRK2 protein. Now increasing evidence has linked RKIP to a metastases suppressing and chemo-sensitising role in canc…
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterised by vasoconstriction and remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature. The consequence of this is increased pulmonary arterial pressure, right heart failure and eventual death if left untreated. Even in thos…
Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide is a putative neuropeptide, which has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes including feeding, reward and reinforcement and locomotion. However, CART peptide receptors have not yet been identified and …
This thesis describes the development of new methods for the synthesis of 1,2- diamines. Chapter one reviews current methods for the synthesis of 1,2- diamines, and their importance in chemistry. Chapter two highlights attempts to synthesise 1,2-diamines using two nitrogen-conta…