A possible way to continuously monitor the whole water distribution system is to equip pipes with many microsensors. If these sensors are to be integrated within the pipe walls, it is important to assess their impact on the structural integrity of the pipes. In order to test a l…
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Ground improvement work is crucial in enhancing the characteristics of weak soils commonly encountered in Civil Engineering, and one such technique commonly used is vibro-stone columns. An assessment of the effectiveness of such an approach is critical to determine whether the q…
Groups of piles are commonly used as high capacity foundations. It is recognised that the load distribution among piles in a group will vary and it is thought that the inner piles are likely to make a relatively small contribution to the total load carried. The essence of the re…
Inherent in the structure of timber are features affecting dimensional stability, stiffness and strength. These include knots, compression wood and spiral grain. Physical characteristics such as log shape, density, rate of growth, presence of juvenile wood and microfibril angle …
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) experiments on artificial pits of 316L stainless steel were carried out to study the oxidation state and speciation of alloying elements in the pit solution. It was confirmed that the oxidation states of Fe, Cr and Ni are 2+, 3+ and 2…
This thesis concerns a study of the three-body abrasive wear behaviour of two groups of materials with different abrasive particles using the Dry Sand Rubber Wheel (DSRW) test method. This investigation can be divided into three sections: In the first section, the abrasion of a …
This thesis is primarily aimed at carrying out analysis of Energy Bags, reinforced fabric bags used for subsea compressed air energy storage. Subsea compressed air energy storage is a completely new method of large-scale energy storage designed to be integrated with direct-compr…
The study investigates experimentally and theoretically the behaviour of an internal precast concrete beam-column connection, where both the column and beam are discontinuous in construction terms. The aim was to modify the behaviour mechanisms within the connection zone by intr…
In the current fiercely competitive market, engineering design change management in manufacturing companies is a critical factor for business success. Recognised as inevitable in product development, engineering changes may significantly influence lead time, development cost and…
Understanding the physical processes which occur within open-channel flow is necessary if the modelling of river flow is to be improved. This thesis examines in detail the flow in a type of channel which is common in natural rivers yet little researched, the heterogeneous channe…
Despite over 30 years of research, face recognition is still one of the most difficult problems in the field of Computer Vision. The challenge comes from many factors affecting the performance of a face recognition system: noisy input, training data collection, speed-accuracy tr…
Laser Doppler blood flow imaging is well established as a tool for clinical research. The technique has considerable potential as an aid to diagnosis and as a treatment aid in a number of situations. However, to make widespread clinical use of a blood flow imager feasible a numb…
This research aims to study the mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. In order to overcome the difficulties of spanning multi-scales from atomistic field to macroscopic space, the Cauchy-Born rule is applied to link the deformation of atom lattice vectors at t…
For several decades researchers around the globe have been avidly investigating practical solutions to the enduring problem of understanding visual content within an image. One might think of the quest as an effort to emulate human visual system. Despite all the endeavours, the …
Asphalt mixture, the most common road construction material, comprises bitumen, filler, fine and coarse aggregates, and air voids. Traditionally and for simplification, the mixture is treated as a continuous and homogenous material confined in the domain of linear behaviour. The…
In 1968 a relatively small gas exposition on the 18th floor of the Ronan Point tower building resulted in the partial collapse of the structure. This event highlighted that progress collapse may occur to structures under an accidental loading event. Other events, including the b…
In construction buildings, use of thermal insulating materials is essential and beneficial not only by reducing the cooling/heating cost and the structural element sizes but also reducing the pollution of the environment which results from heavy use of fuel. Foamed concrete is a…
The sustainability issues in pavement materials and design form a strong incentive for the present work. Using recycled materials in pavements is a sustainable practice that is gaining adoption, particularly for flexible (bituminous) pavements. One approach is to incorporate lar…
This research is concerned with adaptive, probabilistic single target tracking algorithms. Though visual tracking methods have seen significant improvement, sustained ability to capture appearance changes and precisely locate the target during complex and unexpected motion remai…