Sugar factories are a significant source of water pollution, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan, where the sugar industry is the second largest after tanneries. The wastewater is disposed of untreated to the environment, since traditional wastewater treatment …
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This research is mainly focussed on solar radiation in the UK. It can be divided into four main areas; evaluation of models, analysis of the relations between temperature and solar radiation, critical analysis of the projected future data for the UK and the improvement to the UK…
There is a growing concern that current levels of economic activity have outgrown the physical limits of the planet. In the face of global constraints, humanity continues to deplete nature, through resource harvesting and waste generation, faster than nature can regenerate itsel…
In Britain, projected population rise and climate change threaten future water availability. UK water companies run education programmes to encourage more efficient usage, but these tend to focus on primary schools and adults, missing the opportunity to engage secondary school p…
Several methods of river water quality assessment techniques have been introduced. Among the most commonly used are the water quality index system and classification scheme. These two systems are designed to simplify the huge amount of water quality data down to its simplest for…
The primary aims of this research was firstly to develop a computer modelling tool which could predict pollution retention in a rain garden and secondly to use the model and additional experiments to examine various aspects of rain garden design with respect to pollutant retenti…
This PhD project was set out to improve the performance of silica gel / water adsorption cooling systems using a number of investigation tools. A novel global lumped analytical simulation model has been constructed for a commercialised two-bed silica gel / water 450kW adsorption…
Currently the extraction of valuable components from oils is of growing interest. Palm fatty acid distillate is a by-product from palm oil refining process which contains valuable minor components. The scope of the present work was to investigate the enrichment of high value low…
Hollow low density microspheres were prepared by adsorbing kaolin nanoparticles onto a polystyrene (PS) template. A cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride), was initially adsorbed on the PS to render the surface cationic enabling the kaolin nanoparticles …
Anaerobic digestion technology has not gained widespread acceptance on UK farms due mainly to the long return on investment periods involved. It has been suggested that co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes may enhance the economic viability of such installations. B…
Carbon dioxide capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM) is considered to be an alternative solution for reducing anthropogenic C0₂in some regions, where geological storage is not possible or considered uneconomically viable. However, low efficiency of mineral dissolution and…
Manufacturers are under pressure to reformulate products to make healthier foods, without changing desirability or flavour. A better understanding of product breakdown under oral conditions is essential to structure novel products which are healthier without consumers noticing. …
Biogas is not ideal for combustion in diesel engines mainly due to its low energy content. The upgrading of biogas into high quality syngas through catalytic reforming reactions was investigated. Studies on the effect of temperature, space velocity and O\(_2\)/CH\(_4\) molar rat…
A collection of hardware weightless Boolean elements has been developed. These form fundamental building blocks which have particular pertinence to the field of weightless neural networks. They have also been shown to have merit in their own right for the design of robust archit…
Despite water being apparently abundant, up to half of the world’s population is faced with water crises which is growing at an alarming rate most especially in developing countries such as African countries where both physical and economic water scarcities prevail. Thus with th…
In the thesis the structural response of steel tubular wind turbine towers with various design configurations is analysed using FEM modelling. First, a structural response simulation model was validated by comparison with the existing experimental data. This was then followed wi…
Gypsum rich soils are of wide occurrence in the Middle East. They cover large areas of Iraq. Gypsum is one of the moderately soluble salts that can have significant effect on the engineering properties of soils. The effect of gypsum content and the stress state on the main hydra…
High throughput analytical methods based on UPLC-APCI-HRMS and/or UPLC-ESI-HRMS were developed for the multi-residue analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their degradation/transformation products. The PPCPs method wa…
Water supplies have been meeting strict experiments all over the world and the tendencies of reducing precipitations and rising temperatures in the arid and semi-arid of the Middle-East region (such as Iran) aggravate this condition during the last few decades. A proper water pl…