The origin of this project was a desire to understand better when deterrence succeeds and when it fails. It concentrates on direct deterrence between a challenger and a defender (not including third parties), and on conventional deterrence (not including nuclear deterrence). The…
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Operation Nickel Grass: Richard Nixon and the Yom Kippur War is a critical examination of the American military intervention in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. At the request of the Israeli government, President Nixon ordered the United States Air Force to ship military equipment, weap…
The oil shocks of the 1970s, initiated by the first Arab oil embargo in 1973, stunned the industrialized world. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) controlled a resource that was vital to the national well-being and national security of America and its allie…
Foreign policy decision-making is often an obscured process, particularly when it involves threats to national security or national interests. Despite the lack of transparency, though sometimes necessary, foreign policy decisions can have far-reaching consequences. Policymakers …